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"Baker, D."
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More than a princess
Aislin of Eliasind must rely on more than the magical gifts she has as a half-fairy, half-pedrasi when she becomes entangled in a sinister plot and saddled with difficult human princesses.
Book
KrakenUniq: confident and fast metagenomics classification using unique k-mer counts
False-positive identifications are a significant problem in metagenomics classification. We present KrakenUniq, a novel metagenomics classifier that combines the fast
k
-mer-based classification of Kraken with an efficient algorithm for assessing the coverage of unique
k
-mers found in each species in a dataset. On various test datasets, KrakenUniq gives better recall and precision than other methods and effectively classifies and distinguishes pathogens with low abundance from false positives in infectious disease samples. By using the probabilistic cardinality estimator HyperLogLog, KrakenUniq runs as fast as Kraken and requires little additional memory. KrakenUniq is freely available at
https://github.com/fbreitwieser/krakenuniq
.
Journal Article
Don’t touch that dial: Psychological reactance, transparency, and user acceptance of smart thermostat setting changes
Automation inherently removes a certain amount of user control. If perceived as a loss of freedom, users may experience psychological reactance, which is a motivational state that can lead a person to engage in behaviors to reassert their freedom. In an online experiment, participants set up and communicated with a hypothetical smart thermostat. Participants read notifications about a change in the thermostat’s setting. Phrasing of notifications was altered across three dimensions: strength of authoritative language, deviation of temperature change from preferences, and whether or not the reason for the change was transparent. Authoritative language, temperatures outside the user’s preferences, and lack of transparency induced significantly higher levels of reactance. However, when the system presented a temperature change outside of the user’s preferences, reactance was mitigated and user acceptance was higher if the thermostat’s operations were transparent. Providing justification may be less likely to induce psychological reactance and increase user acceptance. This supports efforts to use behavioral approaches, such as demand response, to increase sustainability and limit the impacts of climate change.
Journal Article
The truest heart
Cory Feathering has abandoned the tooth fairy guild she was born into in favor of choosing her own path as a matchmaker, and now decides to fight for what she believes in by helping Mary Lambkin find true love.
Book
Caffeine in Floral Nectar Enhances a Pollinator's Memory of Reward
Plant defense compounds occur in floral nectar, but their ecological role is not well understood. We provide evidence that plant compounds pharmacologically alter pollinator behavior by enhancing their memory of reward. Honeybees rewarded with caffeine, which occurs naturally in nectar of Coffea and Citrus species, were three times as likely to remember a learned floral scent as were honeybees rewarded with sucrose alone. Caffeine potentiated responses of mushroom body neurons involved in olfactory learning and memory by acting as an adenosine receptor antagonist. Caffeine concentrations in nectar did not exceed the bees' bitter taste threshold, implying that pollinators impose selection for nectar that is pharmacologically active but not repellent. By using a drug to enhance memories of reward, plants secure pollinator fidelity and improve reproductive success.
Journal Article
The frog princess returns
Prince Eadric, having been turned from a frog into a human again, is still in Greater Greensward where, because the Fairy Queen has disappeared, dangerous foes are threatening, so Emma must use her knowledge and magic to restore order.
Book
Stigma, HIV and health: a qualitative synthesis
Background
HIV-related stigma continues to negatively impact the health and well-being of people living with HIV, with deleterious effects on their care, treatment and quality of life. A growing body of qualitative research has documented the relationship between HIV-related stigma and health. This review aims to synthesize qualitative evidence that explored the intersections of stigma and health for people with HIV.
Methods
A thematic summary was conducted that was guided by the qualitative metasummary technique developed by Sandelowski and Barraso. Literature searches yielded 8,622 references of which 55 qualitative studies were identified that illustrated HIV-related stigma in the context of health.
Results
The metasummary classified qualitative findings into three overarching categories: conceptualizing stigma which identified key dimensions of HIV-related stigma; experiencing stigma which highlighted experiences of stigma in the health context, and managing stigma which described ways in which stigma is avoided or addressed. To better illustrate these connections, the qualitative literature was summarized into the following themes:
stigma within health care settings
,
the role of stigma in caring for one’s health
, and
strategies to address HIV-related stigma in the health context
. A number of health care practices were identified – some rooted in institutional practices, others shaped by personal perceptions held by practitioners – that could be stigmatizing or discriminatory towards people with HIV. There existed interconnections between enacted stigma and felt stigma that influenced health care utilization, treatment adherence, and overall health and well-being of people with HIV. Intersectional stigma also emerged as instrumental in the stigma experiences of people living with HIV. A number of strategies to address stigma were identified including social support, education, self-efficacy, resilience activities, and advocacy.
Conclusion
This review of the qualitative evidence indicates that HIV-related stigma within health contexts is a broad social phenomenon that manifests within multiple social spheres, including health care environments. Findings from this review indicate that future stigma research should consider the social structures and societal practices – within and outside of health care environments – that perpetuate and reinforce stigma and discrimination towards people with HIV.
Journal Article
The princess and the pearl
When Princess Annie's father and uncle fall ill, Annie and Liam must set sail on dangerous seas full of sea monsters and magical creatures to find the only cure, a giant pearl.
Book
Pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severe form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and a risk factor for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathological features of NASH include steatosis, hepatocyte injury, inflammation, and various degrees of fibrosis. Steatosis reflects disordered lipid metabolism. Insulin resistance and excessive fatty acid influx to the liver are two important contributing factors. Steatosis is also likely associated with lipotoxicity and cellular stresses such as oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, which result in hepatocyte injury. Inflammation and fibrosis are frequently triggered by various signals such as proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, released by injuried hepatocytes and activated Kupffer cells. Although much progress has been made, the pathogenesis of NASH is not fully elucidated. The purpose of this review is to discuss the current understanding of NASH pathogenesis, mainly focusing on factors contributing to steatosis, hepatocyte injury, inflammation, and fibrosis.
Journal Article