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Exploring the Smart Future of Participation: Community, Inclusivity, and People With Disabilities
COVID-19 is having an enormous impact on civic life, including public services, governance, and the well-being of citizens. The pace and scope of technology as a force for problem solving, connecting people, sharing information, and organizing civic life has increased in the wake of COVID-19. This article critically reviews how technology use influences the civic engagement potential of the smart city, in particular for people with disabilities. The article aims to articulate new challenges to virtual participation in civic life in terms of accessibility, usability, and equity. Next, the article proposes a framework for a smart participation future involving smarter communities that utilize universal design, blended bottom-up, and virtual community of practice (VCoP) approaches to planning and connecting citizens with disabilities to smart cities. Policy and ethical implications of the proposed smart participation future are considered.
Journal Article
Using corpora to analyze gender
\"Corpus linguistics uses specialist software to identify linguistic patterns in large computerised collections of text - patterns which then must be interpreted and explained by human researchers. This book critically explores how corpus linguistics techniques can help analysis of language and gender by conducting a number of case studies on topics which include: directives in spoken conversations, changes in sexist and non-sexist language use over time, personal adverts, press representation of gay men, and the ways that boys and girls are constructed through language. The book thus covers both gendered usage (e.g. how do males and females use language differently, or not, from each other), and gendered representations (e.g. in what ways are males and females written or spoken about). Additionally, the book shows ways that readers can either explore their own hypotheses, or approach the corpus from a \"nai;ve\" position, letting the data drive their analysis from the outset. The book covers a range of techniques and measures including frequencies, keywords, collocations, dispersion, word sketches, downsizing and triangulation, all in an accessible style\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Sociolinguistics and Corpus Linguistics
This textbook introduces students to the ways in which techniques from corpus linguistics can be used to aid sociolinguistic research. Corpus linguistics shares with variationist sociolinguistics a quantitative approach to the study of variation or differences between populations. It may also complement qualitative traditions of enquiry such as interactional sociolinguistics.This text covers a range of different topics within sociolinguistics:*Analysing demographic variation*Comparing language use across different cultures*Examining language change over time*Studying transcripts of spoken interactions*Identifying attitudes or discourses.Written for undergraduate and postgraduate students of sociolinguistics, or corpus linguists who wish to use corpora to study social phenomena, this textbook examines how corpora can be drawn on to investigate synchronic variation, diachronic change and the construction of discourses. It refers to several classic corpus-based studies as well as the author's own research. Original analyses of a number of corpora including the British National Corpus, the Survey of English Dialects and the Brown family of corpora are complemented by a new corpus of written British English collected around 2006 for the purposes of writing the book.Techniques of analysis like concordancing, keywords and collocations are discussed, along with corpus annotation and statistical procedures such as chi-squared tests and clustering. Paul Baker takes a critical approach to using corpora in sociolinguistics, outlining the limitations of the approach as well as its advantages.
eBook
Cognitive ability and voting behaviour in the 2016 UK referendum on European Union membership
On June 23 rd 2016 the UK voted to leave the European Union. The period leading up to the referendum was characterized by a significant volume of misinformation and disinformation. Existing literature has established the importance of cognitive ability in processing and discounting (mis/dis) information in decision making. We use a dataset of couples within households from a nationally representative UK survey to investigate the relationship between cognitive ability and the propensity to vote Leave / Remain in the 2016 UK referendum on European Union membership. We find that a one standard deviation increase in cognitive ability, all else being equal, increases the likelihood of a Remain vote by 9.7%. Similarly, we find that an increase in partner’s cognitive ability further increases the respondent’s likelihood of a Remain vote (7.6%). In a final test, restricting our analysis to couples who voted in a conflicting manner, we find that having a cognitive ability advantage over one’s partner increases the likelihood of voting Remain (10.9%). An important question then becomes how to improve individual and household decision making in the face of increasing amounts of (mis/dis) information.
Journal Article
The biology of high-altitude peoples
The peoples of the high-altitude regions of the world have long fascinated both scientists and laymen from the lowlands. This book, while it draws heavily on the research conducted in the International Biological Programme, is a comprehensive review of our knowledge about the biology of the high-altitude peoples of the world.
Book
Improving the thermal tolerance of biocontrol spores, Akanthomyces lecanii, by encapsulation
Abstract
Akanthomyces lecanii is an entomopathogenic fungus, and spores of this fungus could be incorporated into films generated using cast film extrusion for biocontrol applications. However, the extrusion process involves high temperature processing (150°C) although this only lasts for a few minutes. The elevated temperature destroys spores, thereby eliminating functionality, unless the spores are protected from this heat. Initial experiments revealed that the heat tolerance of free A. lecanii spores to be 60°C. The spores were therefore encapsulated into beads prepared using a combination of Gelrite, cellulose, and Cel-fine at different concentrations. The beads were freeze-dried and then immersed in hot glycerol for 2 min at a selected temperature within the range of 50°C–100°C. The results indicated that some combinations of encapsulating agents resulted in the spores retaining viability (plate counting) after heat treatment at 100°C. Beads stored at room temperature for 1 week showed a reduction in the upper temperature tolerance. This study revealed that the temperature tolerance of A. lecanii spores could be improved by 40°C by encapsulation in freeze-dried beads containing 2% Gelrite (purified gellum gum), 0.4% cellulose, and 0.4% Cel-fine.
Improving the heat tolerance of an entomopathogenic fungus by encapsulation for use in extrusion.
Journal Article
Co-parenting with a toxic ex : what to do when your ex-spouse tries to turn the kids against you
\"After a messy divorce, it's all too common for one parent to try and undermine the relationship between their children and their ex. In Co-parenting with a Toxic Ex, readers are offered a positive parenting approach to coping with a hostile ex-spouse. Inside, mothers and fathers who are dealing with a toxic ex will learn how to avoid parental alienation, as well as techniques for talking to their children in a way that fosters open and honest response. Divorce can be painful, but with the right tools parents can protect their kids and build stronger, more trusting relationships\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Damming the rivers of the Amazon basin
More than a hundred hydropower dams have already been built in the Amazon basin and numerous proposals for further dam constructions are under consideration. The accumulated negative environmental effects of existing dams and proposed dams, if constructed, will trigger massive hydrophysical and biotic disturbances that will affect the Amazon basin’s floodplains, estuary and sediment plume. We introduce a Dam Environmental Vulnerability Index to quantify the current and potential impacts of dams in the basin. The scale of foreseeable environmental degradation indicates the need for collective action among nations and states to avoid cumulative, far-reaching impacts. We suggest institutional innovations to assess and avoid the likely impoverishment of Amazon rivers.
The current and expected environmental consequences of built dams and proposed dam constructions in the Amazon basin are explored with the help of a Dam Environmental Vulnerability Index.
Damming in the Amazon
There are already more than 100 hydropower dams in place across the Amazon basin. They are not just a source of energy, but also of on-going contention between developers, government officials, locals and environmentalists. This Perspective explores the current and expected environmental consequences of existing and proposed dams in the Amazon basin, with the help of a Dam Environmental Vulnerability Index (DEVI). The authors quantitatively assess the vulnerability of different regions of the basin, and propose that an integrative legal framework is required to guide all nine stakeholder countries towards minimizing the negative socio-economic and environmental impacts of present and future dams.
Journal Article