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Collaborating for Ocean Stewardship
A major goal of the Ocean Exploration Trust (OET) is to explore the ocean in order to provide the foundational knowledge needed to inform the sustainable stewardship of its resources and to share that information broadly. Given the magnitude and complexity of this task, partnerships are critical to OET's work. In 2022, OET continued to build on its long-standing collaborations in addition to our primary expedition partner NOAA Ocean Exploration and initiated new partnerships focused on meaningfully connecting OET's work to a wide array of ocean stakeholders, particularly those from geographies where E/V Nautilus operates.
Journal Article
WHAT’S NEXT
The past year has been difficult. Many friends and loved ones were lost during the coronavirus pandemic. All of us had to adjust, adapt, and learn new ways to live and work together while keeping healthy and safe in a virtual workspace. During this time, the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research, the Ocean Exploration Trust, and the Schmidt Ocean Institute continued their unique partnership to map, explore, and characterize the ocean while supporting goals of the blue economy. The partners advanced this mission by using virtual tools such as telepresence and new technologies to explore the deep ocean remotely, and most importantly, by drawing on the resilience and creativity of their people. NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration and Research suspended ship operations in 2020.
Journal Article
Exploration of an Unnamed Seamount Chain
E/V Nautilus expedition NA135 conducted the first human exploration of an unnamed seamount chain ~240 km west of the Hawaiian island of Kauai in the Central Pacific. The chain is composed of seven seamounts that rise roughly 2,000 m from the abyssal seafloor to summit depths of 1,800 m to 1650 m. The seamounts are each 15-25 km in diameter and display typical structures, including elevated ridges or rift zones arrayed radially around the summit. The seamount chain sits between the Mid-Pacific Mountains to the southwest and the Hawaiian chain to the northeast and is bracketed in the northwest and southeast by Necker Ridge and the Molokai'i Fracture Zone, respectively.
Journal Article
UPDATES FROM THE NOAA OCEAN EXPLORATION COOPERATIVE INSTITUTE
Ocean exploration remains a cornerstone research priority of the University of Rhode Island's Graduate School of Oceanography, the lead institution for the Ocean Exploration Cooperative Institute (OECI). Among significant changes in OECI leadership over this past year, Paula Bontempi was appointed as Dean of the Graduate School of Oceanography and assumed the role of OECI principal investigator. She came to URI from NASA where she served as Program Scientist for the Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry program as well as Deputy Director for the Earth Science Division. Adam Soule joined the URI/GSO staff and assumed the role of OECI Executive Director as well as Director of the Center for Ocean Exploration. The Inner Space Center at URI/GSO continued to support OECI seagoing activities over the past year by providing telepresence support to E/V Nautilus. In addition, the ISC tested hardware and software and developed plans to support the next generation of telepresence to enable tele-engineering, tele-operations, and tele-science and to expand telepresence capabilities to a greater range of platforms.
Journal Article
Interventions to Improve Compliance in Sleep Apnea Patients Previously Non-Compliant with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
Despite widespread agreement that continuous positive airway pressure is effective therapy for obstructive sleep apnea, it is estimated that 50% of patients recommended for therapy are noncompliant 1 year later. Interventions to improve compliance in such patients have not been studied. We evaluated a 2 phase intervention program to improve compliance in sleep apnea patients previously noncompliant with continuous positive airway pressure.
204 patients with previously diagnosed obstructive sleep apnea and noncompliant with continuous positive airway pressure were enrolled. Phase 1 evaluated standard interventions to improve therapy compliance, including mask optimization, heated humidification, topical nasal therapy, and sleep apnea education. Persistently noncompliant patients proceeded to phase 2, where compliance was compared in double-blind randomized fashion between standard continuous positive airway pressure and flexible bilevel positive airway pressure.
49 (24%) of 204 previously noncompliant patients became compliant (average nightly use > or =4 hours) after standard interventions. Then 104 of the 155 persistently noncompliant patients agreed to continue and were randomized to either CPAP or flexible bilevel positive airway pressure retitration and treatment for an additional ninety days. At follow-up 15 (28%) of the 53 randomized to CPAP and 25 (49%) of the 51 randomized to flexible bilevel positive airway pressure (p = 0.03) achieved compliance.
A two phase intervention program, first employing standard interventions, followed by a change to flexible bilevel airway pressure, can achieve improved compliance in patients previously noncompliant with continuous positive airway pressure.
Journal Article
Submerged Sea Caves of Southern California’s Continental Borderland
In 2016, funding from NOAA OER supported systematic mapping of portions of Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary (CINMS) by E/V Nautilus. One focus of that effort was to locate and explore submerged paleoshorelines formed over the last 22,000 years when sea level stopped rising for 2,000 to 3,000 years at a time. These lulls in sea level rise permitted pounding waves, typical of the high-energy coast of today’s Southern California shoreline,to excavate caves, as they continue to now. The goal of our 2017 expedition in the Channel Islands area of the Southern California Continental Borderland was to search for submerged sea caves. Areas initially selected for investigation were the islands of Santa Cruz, Catalina, and Santa Barbara, where numerous sea caves are known to exist above present sea level, as well as where divers have already located them at the base of rock scarps resting at the 8 m to 10 m and 33 m paleo-shorelines.
Journal Article
Telepresence-Enabled Maritime Archaeological Exploration in the Deep
Telepresence-enabled exploration of deep sea environments has developed over the past 30 years, providing access to archaeologists, scientists, and the general public to sites otherwise inaccessible due to depth. Pioneered through the inception of the JASON Project in the late 1980 s, telepresence missions have expanded to two dedicated ships of exploration, NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer and exploration vessel Nautilus, and has been implemented on a series of opportunistic missions on other vessels. This paper chronicles the history of the use of telepresence for the exploration of shipwrecks in deep water as well as how this capability has allowed the public to engage with such missions. Broadening the scope of who can explore the deep sea, telepresence has also expanded what is observed and documented in the deep, which speaks to humanity's use of the maritime world and an archaeology of discard through our material disposed of into the deep sea.
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Nautilus Field Season Overview
The year 2017 marks our longest expedition season since E/V Nautilus began exploring the ocean basins in the summer of 2009. During 204 days at sea between May and November, Nautilus operations included a total of 98 ROV dives—more time exploring the seafloor than any other year. We also mapped large portions of the US exclusive economic zone: four of our 14 expeditions were mapping-only cruises that surveyed critical areas within national marine sanctuaries off the west coast of the US and also a newly created national park and UNESCO World Heritage Site in Mexico around the Revillagigedo Archipelago. From May through November 2017, Nautilus continued its mission of exploration, innovation, and education in the eastern Pacific Ocean, ranging from waters off the west coasts of southern Canada and the US to Mexican waters both within the Gulf of California and offshore of the Revillagigedo Archipelago.
Journal Article