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This article provides a comprehensive review of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights' compliance jurisprudence by developing a typology of the Court's reparations and systematizing all available information on the implementation of those reparations. By culling more than 90 experiences with implementation and providing both quantitative and qualitative analysis of these experiences, this article highlights the predictive potential of this body of jurisprudence. This article encourages inter-American representatives to inquire into state tendencies with regard to compliance as a means to formulate compliance strategies at the earliest stages of litigation. The compliance supervision procedures of the Inter-American Court provide an important opportunity for victims' representatives to more faithfully counsel their clients about the likely results of litigation and to strategize more effectively to attain those results. The compliance jurisprudence of the Court should be a point of reference for all representatives in devising the creative strategies that will bring the victims of human rights abuse the reparation, recognition, and guarantee of non-repetition that they so desire.

Baluarte explores the protection of stateless refugees in the US. Here, he examines the condition of the stateless refugees in the country, describes the international protection frameworks for both refugees and stateless persons, identifies important points of intersection between these frameworks and argues that discriminatory denationalization that renders a person stateless triggers refugee protection, thereby making victims of such deprivation eligible for asylum in the US. The need for the stateless refugees to reopen their previously denied asylum claims to make these arguments and pursue protection is also emphasized.

Previo al '96, los residentes permanentes condenados por delitos que dan lugar a la deportación tenían la posibilidad de recurrir a una especie de recurso de amparo conocido como \"la renuncia 212(c)\"; permitiéndoles argumentar que factores como lazos familiares, tiempo de permanencia, historia laboral, participación en la comunidad y el servicio militar constituían una razón para amparar la deportación. Cambios legislativos en este año a la vez transformaron un conjunto de ofensas de menor gravedad en delitos que dan lugar a la deportación y reemplazaron la renuncia 212(c) por un mandato para deportar residentes permanentes en cuanto antes. En una década desde la aprobación de esas leyes, el gobierno estadounidense ha realizado más de 150,000 deportaciones de residentes permanentes; los cuales habían vivido un promedio de 15 años en los EE.UU.

Osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis and cerebral calcification was identified as a recessively inherited syndrome in 1972. In 1983, we reported a deficiency of carbonic anhydrase II, one of the isozymes of carbonic anhydrase, in three sisters with this disorder. We now describe our study of 18 similarly affected patients with this syndrome in 11 unrelated families of different geographic and ethnic origins. Virtual absence of the carbonic anhydrase II peak on high-performance liquid chromatography, of the esterase and carbon dioxide hydratase activities of carbonic anhydrase II, and of immunoprecipitable isozyme II was demonstrated on extracts of erythrocyte hemolysates from all patients studied. Reduced levels of isozyme II were found in obligate heterozygotes. These observations demonstrate the generality of the findings that we reported earlier in one family and provide further evidence that a deficiency of carbonic anhydrase II is the enzymatic basis for the autosomal recessive syndrome of osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis and cerebral calcification. We also summarize the clinical findings in these families, propose mechanisms by which a deficiency of carbonic anhydrase II could produce this metabolic disorder of bone, kidney, and brain, and discuss the clinical evidence for genetic heterogeneity in patients from different kindreds with this inborn error of metabolism. (N Engl J Med 1985; 313:139–45.) OSTEOPETROSIS (marble bone disease) was first described in 1904 by Albers-Schönberg. 1 Since then, over 300 cases have been reported. 2 Two principal genetic types have been distinguished: a \"benign\" autosomal dominant form with relatively few symptoms, and a severe autosomal recessive type (called the \"malignant\" form) characterized by multiple complications and early death. Beighton and colleagues 3 emphasize that \"intermediate\" forms of osteopetrosis also exist, some inherited as autosomal recessive traits, and that they may be more common than generally recognized. Although multiple genetic defects cause osteopetrosis, a feature common to all known forms is failure of bone resorption. 4 In 1972, three . . .