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Background: Medical students need to develop self-directed learning skills in early medical schools and it is important to develop critical thinking and creative skills among young learners. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study to determine the effects of training first-phase MBBS students in workshop mode for learning ethical principles, leadership skills, and stress management. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 145 first MBBS students after taking institutional ethical clearance and informed consent. Three workshops were organized by the department of physiology and the medical education unit to implement the module. A workshop was conducted to sensitize faculty members. Written feedback was taken from students and assessments were done using pre-validated questionnaires. Results: The students were able to solve problems in groups which increased their problem-solving and critical-thinking skills. The mean ± standard deviation of the class of performance following the workshops - leadership skills: 70.25 ± 6.45; ethics: 85.24 ± 3.68; and stress management: 84.86 ± 4.5. In the workshop on stress management, it was observed that females had higher anxiety scores as compared to male counterparts. Conclusions: Engaging students to learn leadership skills, ethical principles, and stress management techniques in workshops motivated the young learners and made the teaching–learning experience for the learners as well as faculty members enjoyable. The use of technological assistance decreased the number of faculty members needed to conduct workshops and the whole batch of students could be controlled effectively.

Introduction Infection control in intensive care units (ICUs) is crucial due to the high risk of healthcare‐associated infections (HAIs), which can increase patient morbidity, mortality, and costs. Effective measures such as hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), patient isolation, and environmental cleaning are vital to minimize these risks. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) offers new opportunities to enhance infection control, from predicting outbreaks to optimizing antimicrobial use, ultimately improving patient safety and care in ICUs. Objectives The primary objectives are to explore AI's impact on predicting HAIs, real‐time monitoring, automated sterilization, resource optimization, and personalized infection control plans. Methodology A comprehensive search of PubMed and Scopus was conducted for relevant articles up to January 2024, including case series, reports, and cohort studies. Animal studies and irrelevant articles were excluded, with a focus on those considered to have significant clinical relevance. Discussion The review highlights AI's prowess in predicting HAIs, surpassing conventional methods. Existing evidence demonstrates AI's efficacy in accurately predicting and mitigating HAIs. Real‐time patient monitoring and alert systems powered by AI are shown to enhance infection detection and patient outcomes. The paper also addresses AI's role in automating sterilization and disinfection, with studies affirming its effectiveness in reducing infections. AI's resource optimization capabilities are exemplified in ICU settings, showcasing its potential to improve resource allocation efficiency. Furthermore, the review emphasizes AI's personalized approach to infection control post‐procedures, elucidating its ability to analyze patient data and create tailored control plans.

Changes in patterns of human use of land for agriculture, trading, raising of livestock, and travel facilitates human exposure to diverse wildlife and microbial environment, resulting in viruses having the chance to cross different species and leading to localized emergence. 6 The PREDICT project by United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has come up with a surveillance program to control viruses before they spread to humans and at a level where management strategies can be implemented. According to research conducted to determine who should be held accountable for the 2014 Ebola outbreak, the WHO may have contributed to the problem, but lack of cooperation from governments and delayed financing have also been identified as contributing factors. 10 The COVID-19 pandemic has shown the scale at which these novel pathogens can be a threat and the mass destruction that they can cause. The emergence of a pandemic can be mitigated by controlling the following related risk factors; human activity close to wildlife, production of foods containing animal products with insufficient employee oversight, and an unclear chain of supply, vectors including insects and ticks, extremely high density of population, and limited inspection and laboratory capacity.

BACKGROUND:Adolescent mental health is a concern. A high magnitude of deranged mental health conditions among adolescents is prevailing, which often gets extended into adulthood too. Hence, assessment of mental health morbidities like depression, anxiety, and stress is crucial to address them. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among school-going adolescents studying in classes IX–XII and find out its correlates among the subjects.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This cross-sectional study was conducted among 812 adolescents studying in classes IX–XII in four randomly selected schools of Haripal block of Hooghly district, West Bengal, in 2022. A complete enumeration of students in each class of the selected schools was done. Data were collected by using a pretested schedule that included standardized depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21). Descriptive statistics and a Chi-square test were applied. Regression analysis was doneto determine associations and compute the adjusted odds ratio. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.RESULTS:Overall prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress were found to be 52.3%, 47.4%, and 33.7% respectively. Subscale scores shows 16.1% and 10.8% suffered from extremely severe depression and anxiety, respectively. It was noted that these were more common among female students, the late adolescent age group (16–19 years), students having social problems in the family, and those reporting using substances.CONCLUSION:The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress being high among school students indicates a significant burden of mental health disease. Effective strategies to alleviate the adverse mental health, along with early identification of disease, can help in along way.

Background and aims In low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), a shortage of skilled surgical practitioners hampers healthcare delivery, impacting well‐being and economic growth. Surgical mentorship programs offer a promising solution but face challenges in implementation. This review aims to comprehensively assess the impact of surgical mentorship programs in LMICs and identify challenges and opportunities for their development and implementation. Methods A thorough literature search was conducted from 2000 to 2023 using multiple databases, focusing on surgical mentorship programs in LMICs. Inclusion criteria encompassed full‐text articles in English that demonstrated characteristics of mentorship. Rigorous exclusion criteria were applied to ensure high‐quality evidence inclusion. Results Surgical mentorship programs in LMICs strengthen local surgical capacity, improve surgical skills and patient outcomes, optimize resources and technology utilization, and positively impact medical students aspiring to be surgeons. However, challenges such as resistance to change, resource limitations, financial constraints, logistical and technological challenges, and time constraints hinder their implementation. Conclusion Despite challenges, surgical mentorship programs hold promise for enhancing surgical capacity and healthcare quality in LMICs. Standardized metrics for accountability, innovative funding mechanisms, collaborative partnerships for scalability, interdisciplinary integration, and leveraging virtual mentorship programs are key strategies to overcome challenges and foster sustainable learning cultures, ultimately contributing to improved healthcare equity and quality in low‐resource settings.

Craniosynostosis, marked by premature cranial suture fusion, necessitates prompt intervention to avert developmental, neurological, and aesthetic issues. While high-income countries have advanced in managing this condition, low- and middle-income countries grapple with substantial healthcare access disparities. This narrative review explores current craniosynostosis management in low- and middle-income countries. The review focused on studies published between 2008 and 2023. The focus was neurosurgical outcomes, and the search utilised databases like PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library and Scopus, incorporating specific keywords and phrases. An in-depth analysis of 21 included studies reveals noteworthy positive outcomes, including low mortality, successful corrections and sustained efficacy. These advancements stem from enhanced pre-operative strategies, surgical techniques and postoperative care. Nonetheless, challenges persist, encompassing complications, mortality, reoperations, and treatment disparities, particularly in low- and middle-income countries constrained by financial and expertise limitations. The enhancement of clinical practice and the formulation of effective policies in the future entail several key strategies. These include the reinforcement of specialised healthcare infrastructure and diagnostic capabilities, the ongoing training and retention of neurosurgeons, the improvement of funding mechanisms, and the promotion of equitable access. Additionally, a crucial focus is placed on fortifying paediatric neurosurgical care in low- and middle-income countries. The recommendations underscore the importance of collaborative initiatives, the development of specialised healthcare infrastructure, and the implementation of strategic policies to not only advance pediatric neurosurgical care but also to address existing gaps in management.