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Recently, the Internet of Thing’s (IoT’s) rising popularity is offering a promising opportunity not just aimed at the diverse home automation systems’ expansion however as well aimed at diverse industrial applications. By leveraging these advantages, automation is implemented in the industries resulting in the Industrial IoT (IIoT). Even though IoT/IIoT simplifies the daily activities that benefit human operations, they cause severe security challenges that are worth focusing on. Consequently, IoT/IIoT yields effective and efficient solutions by implementing an Intrusion Detection System (IDS). The IDS is a solution aimed at addressing the security and privacy challenges of detecting diverse IoT/IIoT attacks. Diverse IDS methodologies are employed aimed at identifying intrusion within the data however still require enhancement on the detection system. A literature survey regarding the IDS in the IoT/IIoT topic is offered that largely concentrated on the research’s present state by evaluating the literature, discovering the existent trends, and offering open problems and upcoming directions.

In this work, a parameter uniform numerical method is developed to find the approximate solution of time-dependent singularly perturbed convection-diffusion-reaction problems with general shift arguments in the space variable. The earlier work on such type of initial-interval boundary value problems is restricted to the case of small delay and advance arguments while in practical situations the shift arguments can be of arbitrary size (i.e. it may be bigger or small enough in size). The fitted mesh technique to establish parameter uniform error estimates is not extendable for the class of singularly perturbed parabolic partial differential-difference equations (SPPPDDEs) with general shift arguments in the space variable. To observe the dispersive behaviour of the solution of the problem considered in this paper, we use systematically constructed suitable denominator function for the discrete second order derivative. The motivation behind the construction of the scheme is modelling rules for non-standard finite difference methods (NSFDMs), developed by Mickens. The proposed numerical scheme is analysed for consistency and stability. It is proved that the scheme is unconditionally stable and parameter uniform convergent. The scheme is convergent for bigger shift arguments as well as for small shift arguments. The performance of the method is corroborated by numerical examples.

The objective of this article is to develop and analyze a parameter uniform numerical method for solving 2D singularly perturbed elliptic convection-diffusion differential-difference equations. The previous studies in this area have mainly focused on cases involving small shifts, but practical scenarios may involve shifts of arbitrary sizes, both larger and smaller. Despite this, the 2D singularly perturbed elliptic differential-difference equations involving shifts of arbitrary sizes have remained unsolved. To address this challenge, a fitted operator finite difference method is developed on a special equidistant mesh that ensures the nodal point coincides with the shifts after discretization.. The scheme is rigorously analyzed to prove parameter uniform a priori error estimate in L ∞ norm. To illustrate the theoretical findings, we provide numerical results and implement numerical experiments to investigate the effect of shifts on the solution.

In the present work, simple, precise, accuratehigh-performance thin-layer chromatography was developed, optimized, and validated for quantitation of Rivaroxaban (RIV) and Aspirin (ASP). The developed method was applied for quantification of both the drugs simultaneously in bulk drug and in-house tablet formulation. In this study, the Camag Linomat V HPTLC system and win CATS software V1.4.7 were used. Both molecules were separated using a chromatographic method consisting of toluene: ethyl acetate: methanol: glacial acetic acid (6:3:0.5:0.5 v/v/v/v) as mobile phase & an aluminum pre-coated plate with silica gel 60 F254 as the stationary phase. Both drugs were detected at 256nm. With Rf values of 0.23 and 0.72, respectively, Rivaroxaban and aspirin were satisfactorily resolved. Moreover, as per the ICHQ2 (R1) guideline, Specificity, precision, accuracy, robustness, linearity, the limit of detection, and the limit of quantification were performed. The method was found linear in the range of 100-400 ng/band and 2000-8000 ng/band of Rivaroxaban and Aspirin, respectively. The precision of the method was determined by %RSD and it was found in range. In-house tablet formulation was prepared and applied the developed method for assay of RIV and ASP. The % Assay (%v/v) of RIV and ASP was found 100.61 %w/w and 100.29 %w/w. In a conclusion, the accurate, precise, sensitive, and robust HPTLC method was optimized, developed, and validated as per ICH Q2 (R1) guideline, which was applied for in-house tablet formulation. The result of the assay suggests that the developed method can be used for simultaneous estimation of RIV and ASP for their dosage form as a part of regulatory submission.

Background and Aims: Airtraq has been found to be useful in improving the view of the glottis. However, directing the tube tip into the glottis can be challenging during nasotracheal intubation. This problem gets resolved if the bougie is placed first. The present study was conducted for the evaluation of nasotracheal intubation using a nasal Airtraq laryngoscope with and without a bougie. Methods: Fifty patients of either gender, aged between 18 and 60 years, who belonged to the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (PS) I or II, requiring nasotracheal intubation were included. In group I (number (n) = 25), nasotracheal intubation was performed with a bougie, and in group II (n = 25), it was performed without a bougie. The primary objective was a comparison of the time taken to achieve successful nasotracheal intubation. Secondary objectives were ease of intubation and additional manoeuvres required for intubation. Results: The mean (± standard deviation) for time for intubation in group I was 59.24 ± 9.98 s and that in group II was 41.00 ± 4.23 s (P = 0.001). Two patients (8%) in group I and ten patients (40%) in group II required additional manoeuvres for intubation (P = 0.008). Twenty-three patients (92%) in group I and 15 patients (60%) in group II had easy intubation (P = 0.030). In group I, no patient had trauma, whereas, in group II, four patients (16%) had trauma (P = 0.030) during intubation. Conclusion: The time taken for nasotracheal intubation using an Airtraq laryngoscope was more with the use of a bougie as compared to the non-bougie technique. However, bougie-guided intubation was easier with less requirement of additional manoeuvres. In addition, trauma was also significantly less with the bougie technique.

Background: The palatal donor site of the free gingival graft (FGG) significantly influences the pain and discomfort experienced by the patient, and there is a potential for postoperative bleeding. The aim of this study was to compare the wound healing parameters with the use of a commercially available collagen dressing (CollaCote®) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membrane as palatal bandage. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients requiring FGG either for reduced/inadequate gingiva or gingival recession in the maxillary or mandibular anterior region were divided into two groups. In the first experimental group (10 patients), CollaCote® membrane was placed over the palatal wounds; conversely, the second experimental group patients were treated with a PRF membrane as palatal bandage. Clinical parameters recorded includes depth, immediate, and delayed bleeding, size of wound, pain, and tests for epithelialization which included hydrogen peroxide test and toluidine blue test at various time intervals. Results: Intragroup comparisons showed significant improvement in wound healing parameters in both the groups. No statistically significant difference was found on intergroup comparison with respect to depth, hemorrhage, pain, epithelialization, and size, though the PRF group healed slightly better initially. Conclusion: Both CollaCote® and PRF palatal bandages significantly accelerate palatal wound healing and reduce the patient's pain and discomfort. PRF was easier to handle and suture and is also autogenous and economical as compared to CollaCote®.

Background Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare, life-threatening disease of diverse etiology. It is defined as severe acute liver injury for fewer than 26 weeks' duration with encephalopathy and impaired synthetic function (international normalized ratio [INR] of 1.5 or higher) in a patient without cirrhosis or pre-existing liver disease. The diagnosis rests mainly on the clinical ground with wide range of pathological features. The present study seeks to explore the diverse histological patterns observed in cases for ALF and assess their usefulness in determining the underlying causes for the condition. Methodology A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among patients of ALF who underwent liver transplant and transjugular liver biopsy over a five-year period. From 1082 explant liver and 2446 liver biopsies, 22 cases of ALF (10 explants and 12 liver biopsies) were included in the study. Clinical and laboratory details were retrieved and histological findings were reviewed. Result Age ranged from 10 to 72 years (mean age, 40 years). There was a female predominance with a male:female ratio of 1:1.7. The commonest cause for ALF was virus-induced hepatocellular damage in 36.3% (eight patients), followed by autoimmune hepatitis in 22.7% (five patients), drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in 18.1% (four patients), cryptogenic in 13.6% (three patients) and ischemic injury secondary to large vein thrombosis in 9.0% (two) patients. The histological patterns identified were categorized into six categories. A more comprehensive morphological evaluation was conducted specifically for cases of ALF associated with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and compared with other cases of ALF. Conclusion In summary, our present study illustrates a morphological overlap in various patterns for the purpose of etiological assessment. In cases of AIH ALF, the presence of portal plasma cell infiltrate and central perivenulitis were identified as significant histological features to guide diagnosis. Graphical Abstract

Airtraq has been found to be useful in improving the view of the glottis. However, directing the tube tip into the glottis can be challenging during nasotracheal intubation. This problem gets resolved if the bougie is placed first. The present study was conducted for the evaluation of nasotracheal intubation using a nasal Airtraq laryngoscope with and without a bougie. Fifty patients of either gender, aged between 18 and 60 years, who belonged to the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (PS) I or II, requiring nasotracheal intubation were included. In group I (number (n) = 25), nasotracheal intubation was performed with a bougie, and in group II (n = 25), it was performed without a bougie. The primary objective was a comparison of the time taken to achieve successful nasotracheal intubation. Secondary objectives were ease of intubation and additional manoeuvres required for intubation. The mean (± standard deviation) for time for intubation in group I was 59.24 ± 9.98 s and that in group II was 41.00 ± 4.23 s (P = 0.001). Two patients (8) in group I and ten patients (40) in group II required additional manoeuvres for intubation (P = 0.008). Twenty-three patients (92) in group I and 15 patients (60) in group II had easy intubation (P = 0.030). In group I, no patient had trauma, whereas, in group II, four patients (16) had trauma (P = 0.030) during intubation. The time taken for nasotracheal intubation using an Airtraq laryngoscope was more with the use of a bougie as compared to the non-bougie technique. However, bougie-guided intubation was easier with less requirement of additional manoeuvres. In addition, trauma was also significantly less with the bougie technique.

Abstract Oral health is vital for the general well-being, overall body health and the quality of life throughout our lifetime. Most of the oral diseases and conditions are largely related to the maintenance of oral hygiene, lacking that people suffer from diverse oral diseases at different times in their life. With greater life expectancy, the individuals have teeth involved with periodontal diseases that would not only require professional care but also home gum care for them to last a lifetime. Indian Society of Periodontology (ISP) has recognized the need for systematic documents to update everyday clinical practice of general dental practitioners and have provided evidence-based consensus documents, namely good clinical practice recommendations from time to time to raise the oral health-related awareness and standards of oral healthcare delivery across the country. The current set of clinical practice recommendations focused to \"Gum Care for All\", is aimed at emphasizing and enhancing the awareness regarding oral health promotion, maintenance, and disease prevention. Twenty-five subject matter experts from across the nation, prepared these recommendations after a thorough literature review and group discussions. The document has been prepared in three distinct sections, namely pretherapeutic, therapeutic, and post therapeutic, to provide guidance during the respective phases of patient management and may serve as a quick and concise reference to the readers. The guidelines shall provide the distinct definitions, signs and symptoms, treatment required; recall visit specifications for plausible clinical case situations, home care advice regarding maintenance of oral hygiene including information on brushing technique, care and change of brush, use of interdental aids, and mouthwashes, etc. The document should advocate and guide the combined efforts of general dentists, and the population at large toward an empowered, evidence based, integrated, and comprehensive oral health care, which shall enhance the healthful functioning and longevity of the dentition and general health of the individual.

Formation of black triangles due to the loss of interdental papilla is one of the utmost perplexing esthetic problems of the periodontium. Many surgical and nonsurgical treatment options have been researched upon to obtain complete papillary fill, but minimally invasive procedures have always been the choice of treatment both for the operator as well as the patient. This article describes the use of injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) as a novel nonsurgical technique for the reconstruction of deficient interdental papilla. This is probably the first article that describes the use of i-PRF for the nonsurgical treatment of black triangles. Six sites with the presence of deficient interdental papilla in four patients were selected for this case series. After completion and reevaluation of scaling and root planing, autologous i-PRF was injected at the base of the interdental papilla using the insulin syringe. Photographs obtained before the treatment and at 1, 3, and 6 months after the intervention were assessed by Image J software along with clinical measurements. The use of novel nonsurgical injectable PRF technique allows clinician to successfully treat deficient interdental papilla.