Explore the vast range of titles available.

•Explored the differences in behavioral performance and neural mechanisms between collaborative cooperation and division of labor cooperation.•Division of labor cooperation contributes to improved cooperative behavior, while collaborative cooperation enhances IBS.•Whether in division of labor or collaborative cooperation, working with friends better IBS compared to strangers.•In division of labor cooperation, there is a significant negative correlation between perspective taking scores and IBS. Collaborative cooperation (CC) and division of labor cooperation (DLC) are two prevalent forms of cooperative problem-solving approaches in daily life. Despite extensive research on the neural mechanisms underlying cooperative problem-solving approaches, a notable gap exists between the neural processes that support CC and DLC. The present study utilized a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning technique along with a classic cooperative tangram puzzle task to investigate the neural mechanisms engaged by both friends and stranger dyads during CC versus DLC. The key findings of this study were as follows: (1) Dyads exhibited superior behavioral performance in the DLC task than in the CC task. The CC task bolstered intra-brain functional connectivity and inter-brain synchrony (IBS) in regions linked to the mirror neuron system (MNS), spatial perception (SP) and cognitive control. (2) Friend dyads showed stronger IBS in brain regions associated with the MNS than stranger dyads. (3) Perspective-taking predicted not only dyads’ behavioral performance in the CC task but also their IBS in brain regions associated with SP during the DLC task. Taken together, these findings elucidate the divergent behavioral performance and neural connection patterns between the two cooperative problem-solving approaches. This study provides novel insights into the various neurocognitive processes underlying flexible coordination strategies in real-world cooperative contexts.

Aims/Introduction To evaluate serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients and to explore the associations of 25(OH)D3 with insulin resistance and β‐cell function. Materials and Methods A total of 97 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients and 69 healthy controls were recruited. Serum 25(OH)D3 was determined using high‐pressure liquid chromatography. Insulin resistance was measured using a homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR). β‐Cell function was determined using the HOMA β‐cell function index (HOMA‐β), early‐phase insulin secretion index (ΔI30/ΔG30) and area under the insulin curve (AUCins). Correlation analysis was carried out using Pearson's correlation and multiple stepwise regression analysis. Results Serum 25(OH)D3 was much lower in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (t = −13.00, P < 0.01), and the prevalence of hypovitaminosis 25(OH)D3 was 62.9% (61/97) in diabetic patients. Among the diabetic patients, patients with hypovitaminosis 25(OH)D3 showed higher glycosylated hemoglobin and AUCglu (P < 0.01) as well as lower HOMA‐β, ΔI30/ΔG30 and AUCins. Serum 25(OH)D3 was independently positively correlated with ΔI30/ΔG30 and AUCins (P < 0.05), but was not significantly correlated with either HOMA‐IR or HOMA‐β. Only triglycerides, glycosylated hemoglobin and ΔI30/ΔG30 emerged as independent factors associated with serum 25(OH)D3 in both diabetes patients and the health control group. Conclusions The present results further showed a low serum 25(OH)D3 concentration in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. 25(OH)D3 deficiency is associated with disturbances in glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. Serum 25(OH)D3 is not correlated with basal insulin resistance or β‐cell function, but is significantly positively correlated with glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion and β‐cell function.

Background At least twenty genes/loci were shown to be associated with type 2diabetes in European original populations. Five of these genes were shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Chinese populations. The purpose of this study was to replicate the association of genetic vairants in the eight diabetes-related genes/loci with type 2 diabetes in a Han Chinese cohort from western part of China. Nineteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the eight genes/loci including TCF7L2, HHEX, CDKAL1, SLC30A8, PPARG, IGF2BP2, KCNJ11 , and CDKN2A/CDKN2B were genotyped in 1,529 cases and 1,439 controls in a Han Chinese population using the ABI SNaPshot method. The meta-analysis of the association between rs7903146 in TCF7L2 gene and T2D in the Han Chinese was performed. Results Among the eight genes/loci examined, we found that four were significantly associated with T2D. Although previous studies showed that the association between the SNP rs7903146 in the TCF7L2 gene and T2D was controversial within the Han Chinese population, we have confirmed the significant association between the SNP rs7903146 in the TCF7L2 gene and T2D in both this study and the meta-analysis in the population. In addition, we also confirmed that three SNPs (rs1111875, rs7923837 and rs5015480) in HHEX , one SNP (rs10946398) in CDKAL1 , and three SNPs (rs13266634, rs3802177 and rs11558471) in SLC30A8 were significantly associated with T2D in the population being studied. Conclusions We demonstrated that the variants in TCF7L2, CDKAL1, HHEX , and SLC30A8 genes are associated with T2D in a Han Chinese population.

Aims/IntroductionTo evaluate serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients and to explore the associations of 25(OH)D3 with insulin resistance and β‐cell function.Materials and MethodsA total of 97 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients and 69 healthy controls were recruited. Serum 25(OH)D3 was determined using high‐pressure liquid chromatography. Insulin resistance was measured using a homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR). β‐Cell function was determined using the HOMA β‐cell function index (HOMA‐β), early‐phase insulin secretion index (ΔI30/ΔG30) and area under the insulin curve (AUCins). Correlation analysis was carried out using Pearson's correlation and multiple stepwise regression analysis.ResultsSerum 25(OH)D3 was much lower in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (t = −13.00, P < 0.01), and the prevalence of hypovitaminosis 25(OH)D3 was 62.9% (61/97) in diabetic patients. Among the diabetic patients, patients with hypovitaminosis 25(OH)D3 showed higher glycosylated hemoglobin and AUCglu (P < 0.01) as well as lower HOMA‐β, ΔI30/ΔG30 and AUCins. Serum 25(OH)D3 was independently positively correlated with ΔI30/ΔG30 and AUCins (P < 0.05), but was not significantly correlated with either HOMA‐IR or HOMA‐β. Only triglycerides, glycosylated hemoglobin and ΔI30/ΔG30 emerged as independent factors associated with serum 25(OH)D3 in both diabetes patients and the health control group.ConclusionsThe present results further showed a low serum 25(OH)D3 concentration in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. 25(OH)D3 deficiency is associated with disturbances in glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. Serum 25(OH)D3 is not correlated with basal insulin resistance or β‐cell function, but is significantly positively correlated with glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion and β‐cell function.

Aims/Introduction To evaluate serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D sub(3) (25(OH)D sub(3)) in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients and to explore the associations of 25(OH)D sub(3) with insulin resistance and beta -cell function. Materials and Methods A total of 97 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients and 69 healthy controls were recruited. Serum 25(OH)D sub(3) was determined using high-pressure liquid chromatography. Insulin resistance was measured using a homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). beta -Cell function was determined using the HOMA beta -cell function index (HOMA- beta ), early-phase insulin secretion index ( Delta I30/ Delta G30) and area under the insulin curve (AUCins). Correlation analysis was carried out using Pearson's correlation and multiple stepwise regression analysis. Results Serum 25(OH)D sub(3) was much lower in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (t = -13.00, P < 0.01), and the prevalence of hypovitaminosis 25(OH)D sub(3) was 62.9% (61/97) in diabetic patients. Among the diabetic patients, patients with hypovitaminosis 25(OH)D sub(3) showed higher glycosylated hemoglobin and AUCglu (P < 0.01) as well as lower HOMA- beta , Delta I30/ Delta G30 and AUCins. Serum 25(OH)D sub(3) was independently positively correlated with Delta I30/ Delta G30 and AUCins (P < 0.05), but was not significantly correlated with either HOMA-IR or HOMA- beta . Only triglycerides, glycosylated hemoglobin and Delta I30/ Delta G30 emerged as independent factors associated with serum 25(OH)D sub(3) in both diabetes patients and the health control group. Conclusions The present results further showed a low serum 25(OH)D sub(3) concentration in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. 25(OH)D sub(3) deficiency is associated with disturbances in glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. Serum 25(OH)D sub(3) is not correlated with basal insulin resistance or beta -cell function, but is significantly positively correlated with glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and beta -cell function.

Low-carbon steel freeze pipes, essential refrigerant conduits in artificial ground freezing, are thin-walled cylindrical structures susceptible to buckling and weld failure. This study examined their buckling behavior and critical loads under uniform freezing pressure and shaft sinking-induced displacement using numerical simulations and three-point bending tests at − 32 °C. Results showed that low temperature condition increases nonlinear buckling loads but accelerates post-buckling stiffness degradation. Buckling modes depended on joint type. The critical buckling pressure of jointless freeze pipes was at least 16.39 MPa, while the buckling load of welded-joint freeze pipes exceeded that of jointless pipe sections. Under bending loads, the bending instability of socket welded reinforcement joint freeze pipe (SWRJ) commenced predominantly with ovalization development at the external sleeve, progressing until global structural instability occurred. In contrast, ovalization of internal sleeve butt joint freeze pipe (ISBJ) initiated primarily at the weld seam in the mid-span region of the parent pipe. SWRJ and ISBJ specimens exhibited comparable critical bending moments at diameter-to-thickness ratios of 26–28, but SWRJ specimens exceeded ISBJ specimens outside this range. Based on bending instability analysis, a maximum allowable deflection of one-third of the pipe diameter is recommended for engineering safety.

Significant risk of water and sand inrushes is commonly encountered during coal seam mining when thin bedrock is directly overlain by thick, water-bearing, unconsolidated layers. Achieving effective strata control and establishing reliable water-isolating mechanisms under these conditions represent critical scientific and technological challenges for safe mining operations. Furthermore, this is a vital research direction for advancing the extraction limit (or recovery height) in coal seams. Initially, drawing on key stratum theory, ground pressure behavior patterns, and mining operation characteristics, the weathered zone was identified as the critical grouting horizon. During the initial mining stage, the first two periodic weighting intervals (approximately 60 m) were identified as the key area. Subsequently, a strategy of high-pressure grouting was proposed to modify the weathered stratum. Numerical simulation methods were employed to optimize the grouting parameters, with the core specifications determined as follows: grouting pressure ≥30 MPa, water–cement ratio of 0.7:1, and grouting hole spacing ≤30 m. Ultimately, a grouting system was designed that used directional drilling from the surface to access the weathered zone, followed by branched horizontal boreholes for staged high-pressure grouting. The borehole trajectory was predominantly L-shaped. Field implementation demonstrated that the grouting intervention increased the first weighting span by an average of 17.3%. Critically, no water inflow was observed throughout the initial caving period, and significant roof falls or rib spalling were effectively mitigated. This confirmed a substantial improvement in key stratum stability, ensuring the safe and efficient advancement of the mining face. This study provides essential technical support and a practical model for safely and efficiently extracting coal seams under thin bedrock under similar complex hydrogeological conditions.

'Saiwaihong' apple ( ) is a premium cultivar cultivated in the Horqin sandy land of Inner Mongolia, where soils are characterized by low organic matter content and poor nutrient retention capacity. Castor bean enzyme biofertilizer (CB), produced through microbial fermentation of castor meal, has shown promise in enhancing crop productivity, but its effects on fruit tree performance and underlying mechanisms remain inadequately characterized. A two-year field experiment was conducted using 7-year-old 'Saiwaihong' apple trees in a randomized complete block design with six treatments: unfertilized control (CK), cattle manure (N), compound fertilizer (F), and three CB application rates. Soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, fruit yield components, and quality parameters were systematically evaluated. In this study showed that CB application uniquely reduced soil pH from strongly alkaline toward near-neutral conditions and elevated soil organic matter by 50.9-70.6% above the control. Available phosphorus increased dramatically under B1 and B2, accompanied by sustained enhancement of hydrolytic enzyme activities and suppression of polyphenol oxidase. The B2 treatment achieved superior yield enhancement through increased individual fruit size. Most notably, CB treatments elevated fruit vitamin C content by 101.4-135.9% across both years-an effect size substantially exceeding reported values for conventional amendments. Strong positive correlations between soil enzyme activities and fruit quality parameters indicated functional coupling between enhanced soil biological functioning and improved nutritional quality. Our findings demonstrate that moderate CB application (21, 500 kg·ha-1) optimally enhanced soil properties, enzymatic activity, yield, and fruit quality in 'Saiwaihong' apple production. These benefits are mediated through improved soil physicochemical conditions and enhanced biological nutrient cycling. These findings position CB as a promising strategy for building longterm soil health and supporting sustainable orchard management in nutrientpoor sandy soils, offering theoretical guidance for green agriculture development.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an important cause of cancer-related death. Due to the lack of typical clinical symptoms in early-stage HCC, most HCC patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage and have lost the opportunity of surgery, which results in a poor prognosis. Therefore, early detection and timely intervention are the most effective methods to reduce the mortality of HCC. Blood flows through different organs and tissues, and there are abundant tumor biomarkers in blood, which can provide real-time information for the early diagnosis and prognostic prediction of HCC, so blood tumor biomarkers have become an effective supplement to imaging technology. As the most ideal biomarkers for disease diagnosis, serum and plasma proteins have been the main focus for biomarker development. In this review, we summarized the research progress of potential blood protein biomarkers (tumor-associated antigens and tumor-associated autoantibodies) in HCC and discussed their obstacles in clinical translation.

Based on the data of cores, thin sections, well logs, and test experiments, the characteristics and main controlling factors of lamellation fractures in continental shales of the third and fourth members of the Paleogene Qianjiang Formation in the Qianjiang Depression, Jianghan Basin, are studied. Lamellation fractures mainly develop along laminas in shales. They have various morphological characteristics such as straightness, bending, discontinuity, bifurcation, pinching out, and merging. Lamellation fractures with high density show poor horizontal continuity and connectivity characteristics. The average linear density of the lamellation fractures is mainly between 20 m-1 and 110 m-1, and the aperture is usually less than 160 μm. The density of lamellation fractures is related to their apertures. The smaller the apertures of lamellation fractures are, the higher the density is. The development degree of lamellation fractures is mainly controlled by mineral composition, type, thickness, density of lamination, contents of organic matter and pyrite, lithofacies, structural position, etc. Lamellation fractures develop well, especially under the conditions of medium dolomite content, large lamination density, small lamination thickness, and high total organic carbon (TOC) and pyrite contents. The influences of lithofacies on the lamellation fractures are complex. The lamellation fractures are most developed in carbonaceous layered limestone dolomite and carbonaceous layered dolomite mudstone, followed by stromatolite dolomite filled with carbonaceous pyroxene. The fractures in the massive argillaceous dolomites and carbonaceous massive mudstones are poorly developed. No fractures can be found in the carbonaceous dolomitic, argillaceous glauberites or salt rocks with high glauberite content. Structure is also an important factor controlling lamination fractures. Tectonic uplifts are beneficial to the expansion and extension of lamellation fractures, which increases fracture density. Therefore, when other influence factors are similar, lamellation fractures develop better in the high part of the structure than in the low part.