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Research with young people in Residential Care (RC) has primarily focused on mental health problems, overlooking resilience and adaptation. Considering that previous trauma experiences and adversity (e.g., previous abuse and neglect) cannot be changed, it is critical to identify the current protective factors of adaptation in RC. Purpose: this systematic review aims to identify the protective factors or the resilience portfolio that may be positively associated with adolescents’ healthy adaptation in RC. Method: based on the PRISMA statement and using a combination of keywords related with RC, adolescents, resilience, and adaptation a search in eight databases was conducted in November 2020: Academic Search Complete, APA PsycArticles, APA PsycINFO, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, ERIC, MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus. This search yielded 4442 articles and 11 studies met our inclusion criteria. Results: Overall, the studies reported protective factors at different levels, namely, individual assets, resources from different contexts (family, RC, and community), appraisals and coping behavior. Conclusion: this review highlighted the importance of exploring resilience as a dynamic process of assets and resources rather than as a stable individual attribute. This review aims to contribute to a deep discussion about resilience in RC, informing policy-making and professional practices and enhancing young people’s adaptation in RC.

The All4Children project addresses the urgent need to transition from institutionalization to family-based care for out-of-home children in Portugal. Despite evidence highlighting the detrimental effects of institutionalization, only a small percentage of children (less than 4%) are currently placed in family foster care in the country. In response to European directives for deinstitutionalization, Portuguese legislation now prioritizes non-kinship family foster care as the preferred alternative for young children in need of care. To facilitate this transition, the Integrated Model of Family Foster Care (MIAF) was developed, offering a comprehensive framework covering the entire spectrum of family foster care. This research aims to investigate the initial implementation stage of the MIAF to promote high-quality family foster care in Portugal. The study will conduct a mixed-method and longitudinal research project in family foster care agencies across different regions of Portugal, focusing on evaluating the implementation and outcomes of the MIAF model using a multi-informant and multi-method approach. The participants will include caseworkers, children aged 0-9 years entering foster care, and their respective foster families enrolled in the MIAF program. Process evaluation will assess fidelity, feasibility, appropriateness, and acceptability of MIAF modules, while outcome evaluation will examine child safety, stability, well-being, as well as foster family well-being and quality of relational care. The insights gained from this research initiative will serve as a foundation for the ongoing enhancement of MIAF. Consequently, this project has the capacity to advance evidence-based child welfare practices by refining processes and strategies to better serve vulnerable children and youth. Facilitated by a multidisciplinary team, this project will contribute to advancing research in the field, enhancing practice, and informing policy during a pivotal stage of deinstitutionalization in Portugal.

High mass loading (ca. 30 mg/cm2) electrodes were prepared with carbon recovered from catalytic methane cracking (MC). As-fabricated supercapacitors displayed 74% of capacitance retention from 6 mA/cm2 to 60 mA/cm2 and a Ragone plot’s slope of −7 Wh/kW (compared to 42% and −31 Wh/kW, respectively, for high mass loading devices fabricated with commercial carbon). The high-rate capability of the MC-recovered carbon is attributed to the presence of carbon black and carbon nanotubes produced during the reaction, which likely increased the electronic and ionic conductivity within the electrode. These results suggest that the by-product of this hydrogen generation route might be a suitable active material for supercapacitors.

Remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema (RS3PE) is a rare clinical entity characterized by symmetrical tenosynovitis of both hands and ankles with pitting edema, negative rheumatoid factor (RF), absence of radiographic erosions, and excellent response to low-dose steroids. It is classically associated with elderly patients but may occur in younger patients, with only one case reported in the pediatric age. We report a case of RS3PE diagnosed in a pediatric patient.

The UCLA PTSD Reaction Index for DSM-5 (RI-5) is a developmentally appropriate and well recognized screening tool for the assessment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents. The children/adolescent self-report version of the RI-5 has been thoroughly studied in very recent years, showing adequate psychometric properties. Despite such results, the utility of the parent/caregiver-report version, which also integrates the RI-5 system, remains to be explored. As such, the present study aimed to test the general psychometric properties of the parent/caregiver-report version of RI-5, based on a sample of 457 children and adolescents, aged between 7 and 17 years, exposed to at least one potentially traumatic experience, and their respective primary caregivers. The RI-5 total score and categories revealed good internal consistency reliability. The total number of traumas reported emerged as a significant predictor of the RI-5 total score. The RI-5 total score proved to be significantly correlated with more internalizing and externalizing problems, but correlation coefficients were below .70, serving as an indicator of discriminant validity. The four-factor structure of the RI-5 was supported through confirmatory factor analysis. In conclusion, the present study provided preliminary evidence supporting the utility of the parent/caregiver-report version of the RI-5 for research purposes and for clinical assessment and treatment, anchored on a multiple informant perspective of child psychopathology.

The Paris Agreement signed by 195 countries in 2015 sets out a global action plan to avoid dangerous climate change by limiting global warming to remain below 2 °C. Under that premise, in situ experiments were run to test the effects of 2 °C temperature increase on the benthic communities in a seagrass bed and adjacent bare sediment, from a temperate European estuary. Temperature was artificially increased in situ and diversity and ecosystem functioning components measured after 10 and 30 days. Despite some warmness effects on the analysed components, significant impacts were not verified on macro and microfauna structure, bioturbation or in the fluxes of nutrients. The effect of site/habitat seemed more important than the effects of the warmness, with the seagrass habitat providing more homogenous results and being less impacted by warmness than the adjacent bare sediment. The results reinforce that most ecological responses to global changes are context dependent and that ecosystem stability depends not only on biological diversity but also on the availability of different habitats and niches, highlighting the role of coastal wetlands. In the context of the Paris Agreement it seems that estuarine benthic ecosystems will be able to cope if global warming remains below 2 °C.

A key element in eukaryotic immune defenses against invading microbes is the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. One of the main targets of these species are the iron-sulfur clusters, which are essential prosthetic groups that confer to proteins the ability to perform crucial roles in biological processes. Microbes have developed sophisticated systems to eliminate nitrosative and oxidative species and promote the repair of the damages inflicted. The Ric (Repair of Iron Centers) proteins constitute a novel family of microbial di-iron proteins with a widespread distribution among microbes, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, protozoa and fungi. The Ric proteins are encoded by genes that are up-regulated by nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide. Recent studies have shown that the active di-iron center is involved in the restoration of Fe-S clusters damaged by exposure to nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide.

Research consistently chronicles a variety of mental health difficulties that plague institutionally reared children, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), even if not all institutionalized children evince such problems. In seeking to extend work in this area, this research on gene × environment (GXE) interplay investigated whether the effect of the quality of institutional care—most notably, caregiver intrusiveness—on ADHD symptoms is moderated by the serotonin transporter ( 5 - HTTLPR ) polymorphism. One hundred and twenty-seven institutionalized preschoolers were evaluated using the Child Behavior Checklist. Caregiver-rated attention problems and hyperactivity were unrelated to both 5 - HTTLPR polymorphism and caregiver intrusiveness. A significant GXE effect, independent of age at placement or duration of institutionalization, emerged, however, consistent with the differential-susceptibility hypothesis: s/s homozygotes manifest the most and least ADHD symptoms when they experienced, respectively, more and less intrusive caregiving. These results provide new insight into the reasons why some institutionalized children, but not others, exhibit ADHD symptoms.

Infant crying elicits varied parental responses. While maternal stress has been associated with increased frustration in response to crying, early positive experiences may foster child-oriented reactions. This study explored the links between Benevolent Childhood Experiences (BCEs), parental toxic stress, and maternal emotional reactions to crying. The sample included 95 mothers with infants aged 9 to 15 months. Maternal responses were assessed using the My Emotions Questionnaire (Leerkes & Qu in Infant Mental Health Journal, 41 (1), 94-107, 2020 ). Mothers also completed the Benevolent Childhood Experiences Scale (Narayan et al. in Child Abuse & Neglect, 78 , 19–30, 2018 ) and the Functional Impact of Toxic Stress for Parents (Moreno et al. Children and Youth Services Review, 131 , 106280, 2021 ) to measure BCEs and toxic stress, respectively. Contrary to the hypothesis, BCEs were not significantly linked to child-centered emotions. Parental toxic stress emerged as a significant predictor of maternal anxiety and frustration in response to crying. While this exploratory studied provided valuable insights, more research on the mechanism underlying reactions to crying is warranted.

The dynamics of permafrost and the active layer is crucial for ecosystem processes in the ice-free areas of the Antarctic Peninsula, where a strong long-term warming trend with an increase of 3.4 °C in the mean annual air temperature since 1950 has been recorded. The consequences of this warming for past and future permafrost degradation are still not fully understood, mainly due to the sparse spatial coverage and limited time span of borehole data, which have only been available since the mid- to late 2000s. This motivated the application of the CryoGrid community model (CCM) for modelling ground temperatures at the bedrock drilled King Sejong Station (KSS) borehole on Barton Peninsula, King George Island. The objective was to assess the model's quality and potential for applicability in other ice-free areas of the Antarctic Peninsula, aiming to improve the understanding of the recent evolution of permafrost temperature and active layer thickness and reconstitute the past evolution since 1950. ERA5 reanalysis data underestimated air temperature, strongly impacting the rate and intensity of ground warming during the thawing seasons. Linear regression with in situ observations was used to correct the ERA5 forcing. The results of a short-term simulation from 2020–2022 evaluated against observations show that the model successfully represents the conditions at the KSS borehole. Down to 6 m depth, correlations above 0.9 were obtained, while below 6 m, the correlations were above 0.8. The mean absolute error ranged from 0.1 to 0.7 °C. Active layer depths of 2.9 to 3.1 m showed an overestimation of ca. 0.4 m. The long-term simulation of permafrost and active layer temperatures from 1950 to 2022 using ERA5 data showed a ground warming trend at 20 m of 0.25 °C per decade accompanied by an increase in the active layer thickness from 1.5 m in 1950 to 3.5 m in 2022. From 2015, the warming rate increased significantly to 0.9 °C per decade.