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This paper presents an indoor self-localization framework for mobile robots, an essential component for automation in Industry 4.0 and smart environments. We evaluate a Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) fingerprinting technique utilizing Long-Range (LoRa) technology to overcome the challenges of congested indoor settings. To optimize communication parameters, the Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) was employed to select the most effective spreading factor, while the entropy of the RSSI database was calculated to verify fingerprint stability. For positional prediction, a Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) neural network was developed to classify the location of the target within a grid-based experimental setup, featuring cells spaced 60 cm apart. The MLP achieved a validation accuracy of 91.8 percent during training and demonstrated high precision in classifying grid regions within a signal-dense environment. For scenarios where slow-moving robots (5 cm/s) are required, like radiation mapping, this method provide highly accurate high-level localization data.These results suggest that the proposed LoRa-MLP integration provides a robust, low-power solution for high-accuracy indoor positioning systems (IPSs) in modern industrial infrastructure.

Human parechovirus (HPeV) is widely recognized as a severe viral infection affecting infants and neonates. Belonging to the Picornaviridae family, HPeV is categorized into 19 distinct genotypes. Among them, HPeV-1 is the most prevalent genotype, primarily associated with respiratory and digestive symptoms. Considering HPeV’s role as a leading cause of life-threatening viral infections in infants and the lack of effective antiviral therapies, our focus centered on developing two multi-epitope vaccines, namely HPeV-Vax-1 and HPeV-Vax-2, using advanced immunoinformatic techniques. Multi-epitope vaccines have the advantage of protecting against various virus strains and may be preferable to live attenuated vaccines. Using the NCBI database, three viral protein sequences (VP0, VP1, and VP3) from six HPeV strains were collected to construct consensus protein sequences. Then the antigenicity, toxicity, allergenicity, and stability were analyzed after discovering T-cell and linear B-cell epitopes from the protein sequences. The fundamental structures of the vaccines were produced by fusing the selected epitopes with appropriate linkers and adjuvants. Comprehensive physicochemical, antigenic, allergic assays, and disulfide engineering demonstrated the effectiveness of the vaccines. Further refinement of secondary and tertiary models for both vaccines revealed promising interactions with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in molecular docking, further confirmed by molecular dynamics simulation. In silico immunological modeling was employed to assess the vaccine’s capacity to stimulate an immune reaction. In silico immunological simulations were employed to evaluate the vaccines’ ability to trigger an immune response. Codon optimization and in silico cloning analyses showed that Escherichia coli (E . coli) was most likely the host for the candidate vaccines. Our findings suggest that these multi-epitope vaccines could be the potential HPeV vaccines and are recommended for further wet-lab investigation.

The phytochemicals present in the stem bark extract of Nerium oleander (commonly known as Karabi) have been utilized for the green synthesis of stable gold-conjugated nanoparticles at room temperature under very mild conditions. The green synthesized gold-conjugated nanoparticles were characterized by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, High resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction studies and dynamic light scattering. A mechanism for the synthesis and stabilization of gold-conjugated nanoparticles (AuNPs) has been proposed. Anticancer activity of the stabilized AuNPs studied against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line revealed that the stabilized AuNPs were highly effective for the apoptosis of cancer cells selectively. The antioxidant activity of the stem bark extract of Nerium oleander has also been studied against a long lived 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical at room temperature. Moreover, the utilization of the stabilized AuNPs as a catalyst has also been demonstrated.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that causes a substantial decline in cognitive functions and affects memory, thinking abilities, and daily behavior. The most prominent hallmark of AD pathogenesis is the formation of amyloid-β plaques, among other associated pathways such as neurofibrillary tangles, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), an acetylcholine-degrading enzyme, plays a critical role in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease, particularly through its involvement in amyloid-β plaque formation. Thus, the inhibition of BuChE is considered a valuable therapeutic strategy for the management of AD. The present study aimed to identify potential bioactive chemicals from naturally occurring dietary compounds that could improve neurocognitive function and appear as a viable treatment for AD by inhibiting the function of BuChE. A small library of 44 natural dietary chemicals from a variety of dietary plants was subjected to comprehensive in silico studies, including molecular docking, molecular mechanics generalized born surface area (MM-GBSA) calculations, pharmacokinetics assessments, toxicity profiles, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and density functional theory (DFT) analysis. These studies revealed that CID 129886986 and CID 115269 showed stronger binding affinities with drug-likeness and no toxicity than the FDA-approved standard drug, Donepezil. Additionally, they exhibited strong structural stability with fewer fluctuations throughout the simulation, making them promising candidates for Alzheimer’s disease treatment.

Erucic acid, a nano-sized long-chain ω-9-cis-mono-unsaturated 22C fatty acid, is isolable from various plants, especially from the seeds of Brassicaceae (e.g., rape seed or mustard seed). Isolation of erucic acid has recently been reported by us from the pseudobulb of Crepidium acuminatum. Herein, we report the first self-assembly of erucic acid in different aqueous binary liquids yielding vesicles. Several microscopic techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, optical microscopy, and X-ray diffraction studies were carried out to characterize the vesicular morphology. Encapsulation of various fluorophores as guests inside the self-assemblies of erucic acid was also demonstrated. The examples of the guests include cationic fluorophores rhodamine B, anionic fluorophore carboxyfluorescein, and cationic fluorescence active anticancer drug doxorubicin. Release of the entrapped fluorophores was demonstrated by treating with a vesicle-rupturing agent Triton X-100. On treatment with a composite of self-assembled erucic acid and curcumin, antibacterial activity was observed for both Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore the vesicular self-assemblies generated from the renewable nano-sized erucic acid are useful for drug delivery applications as well as antibacterial activities with poorly water-soluble drugs.

Bangladesh is an example of a highly populous, agricultural country where melioidosis may be a significantly under diagnosed cause of infection and death. A recent regression model predicted 16,931 cases annually in Bangladesh with a mortality rate of 56%. However, we only manage to confirm (culture) around 80 cases in last 60 years. A lack of awareness among microbiologists and clinicians and a lack of diagnostic microbiology infrastructure are factors that are likely to lead to the underreporting of melioidosis. Melioidosis transmits through inoculation, inhalation and ingestion. Diabetes mellitus is the most common risk factor (12 times higher chance of getting the infection) predisposing individuals to melioidosis and is present in >50% of all patients. The clinical presentation is widely varied and can be mistaken for other diseases such as tuberculosis or more common forms of pneumonia giving rise to its nickname as the “great mimicker”. Disease manifestations vary from pneumonia or localized abscess to acute septicemias, or may present as a chronic infection. Culture is considered the current gold-standard for diagnosis and culture-confirmation should always be sought in patients where disease is suspected. It is strongly recommended that any non–Pseudomonas aeruginosa, oxidase-positive, Gram-negative bacillus isolated from any clinical specimen from a patient in an endemic area should be suspected to be Burkholderia pseudomallei (BP). In addition, based on antibiogram, any Gramnegative bacilli that are oxidase-positive, typically resistant to aminoglycosides (e.g., gentamicin), colistin, and polymyxin but sensitive to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid should be considered as BP. This bacteria is inherently resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, first generation and second-generation cephalosporins, gentamicin, tobramycin, streptomycin, and polymyxin. For intensive phase (10 to 14 days), ceftazidime or carbapenem is the drug of choice. For eradication phase (3 to 6 months), oral trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole is the drug of choice. Surgery (drainage of abscess) has an important role in the management of melioidosis. Preventive measures through protective gears could be useful particularly for the risk groups. J MEDICINE 2021; 22: 139-145