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The cart-ruts are one of the most elusive enigmas of Maltese archaeology. Like the prehistoric megalithic temples and the corpulent statues found in them, they defy a comprehensive and satisfying explanation. They are a fascinating subject for discussion not only for archaeologists but also for the ordinary citizens, whether resident or visiting. In fact they have been treated both in archaeological and in other kinds of literature, as well as in television documentaries.

On November 30, 1998, the historic centre of Urbino was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, and the municipality developed the Management Plan for the UNESCO site in the years 2012-2013. The proposed work is part of the University of Urbino's research project for a Plan for the Conservation, Enhance- ment, and Management of its Architectural Heritage (35 buildings, eleven of which are historic buildings owned in the historic center) and the artworks contained therein. The contribution is focused on the pilot project of Palazzo Albani, a historic building recognized of great value by the community as a non-renewable, irreproducible, and irreplaceable resource. The work experiments with an operational flow that starts from the analysis of historical archival sources, with special attention to technical-constructive aspects, and direct investigation, to the identification of the best interventions and the application of new documentary protocols for the communication of the heritage in its different aspects palace and contained works.

Many megalithic structures are to be found on the islands of Malta and Gozo, and they have been declared a world heritage by the UNESCO. They have undergone detailed archaeological investigation, begun in past centuries and still going on. This led the Maltese institutions to launch a campaign, in 2004, to document, safeguard and promote these important signs of a past civilization. The results of a vast operation involving surveying and data processing, followed by integration into the GIS system, are presented here. They start from historical and archaeological documentation, comprehension of the territorial context of the megalithic structures, topographic survey campaigns and laser scanning of 5 temples with all the delicate and complex post-processing operations, proceeding to data management with GIS systems. Archaeological studies often interface with various tools developed by new technologies, and it is therefore important to understand how they can interact among each other and what are the main issues which can arise in moving among systems in order to reply in the best way to the need to safeguard and promote this heritage.

Bisognerebbe rifiettere seriamente suile varie leggi relative ai lavori pubblici, anche se ispirate dall'Unione Europea, notoriamente non molto sensibile in materia, applicate meccanicamente alle opere di restauro o consolidamento; cio a partire, per quanto riguarda ľ Italia, dalla prima stesura della cosiddetta legge Merloni, fino a quelle che oggi regolano le modalita di appalto (consentendo abnormitá come gli appalti-concorso, l'affidamento dei lavori al massimo ribasso ecc.), i contratti pubblici, le gare per l'affidamento degli incarichi di progettazione e via dicendo. In sostanza si sente, almeno per ľ Italia, la nécessita di ripensare l'intero campo normativo e amministrativo dei beni culturali, smuovendolo in projondità, con un vivace spirito rijormatore, per garantiré: 1) un'efficace sinergia e non la sovrapposizione o l'inutile contrasto Jra organı di tutela centrali, regionali e autorita locali; 2) la definizione di criteri d'intervento unitari e scientificamente Jondati su tutto il territorio nazionale; 3) una rijorma del Ministeroper i Beni e leAttività Culturali che dia finalmente ai moli scientific! e projessionali quella rilevanza che si pensava dovessero avere quando esso Ju Jondato, nel 1974-75: un ministero snello e técnico come lo concepi Giovanni Spadolini; 4) quindi, la liberazione dei soprintendenti da impropri compiti amministrativi e di ordinaria gestione, restituendo loro il molo scientifico d'un tempo (perdutosi intorno alla meta del secolo seorso), quando solo si pensi a figure come Gino Chierici, Ambrogio Annoni, Piero Sanpaolesi, Carlo Ceschi o Gisberto Martelli, veri soprintendenti e veri studiosi, tutti necessariamente Jorniti adora, per raggiungere quel molo, di una 'libera docenza' universitaria; 5) curare un'effettiva selezione qualitativa e di merito del personale (senza corsi-concorso annacquati né ope legis, sanatorio o meccanismi sindacali di progressione semiautomatica di carriera). ( G. Carbonara, \"Conservazione e valorizzazione del patrimonio culturale: tendenze e metodi\", in L. Baratin, M. Acierno, O. Muratore (a cura di) Instruments and Methodologies for Cultural Heritage Conservation and Valorisation First Level Master Course Methodology Notes - ISBN: 9788890534744 vol. 1, Editrice Gabbiano s.r.l., Ancona 2012.

Many megalithic structures are to be found on the islands of Malta and Gozo, and they have been declared a world heritage by the UNESCO. They have undergone detailed archaeological investigation, begun in past centuries and still going on. This led the Maltese institutions to launch a campaign, in 2004, to document, safeguard and promote these important signs of a past civilization. The results of a vast operation involving surveying and data processing, followed by integration into the GIS system, are presented here. They start from historical and archaeological documentation, comprehension of the territorial context of the megalithic structures, topographic survey campaigns and laser scanning of 5 temples with all the delicate and complex post-processing operations, proceeding to data management with GIS systems. Archaeological studies often interface with various tools developed by new technologies, and it is therefore important to understand how they can interact among each other and what are the main issues which can arise in moving among systems in order to reply in the best way to the need to safeguard and promote this heritage.

Many megalithic structures are to be found on the islands of Malta and Gozo, and they have been declared a world heritage by the UNESCO. They have undergone detailed archaeological investigation, begun in past centuries and still going on. This led the Maltese institutions to launch a campaign, in 2004, to document, safeguard and promote these important signs of a past civilization. The results of a vast operation involving surveying and data processing, followed by integration into the GIS system, are presented here. They start from historical and archaeological documentation, comprehension of the territorial context of the megalithic structures, topographic survey campaigns and laser scanning of 5 temples with all the delicate and complex post-processing operations, proceeding to data management with GIS systems. Archaeological studies often interface with various tools developed by new technologies, and it is therefore important to understand how they can interact among each other and what are the main issues which can arise in moving among systems in order to reply in the best way to the need to safeguard and promote this heritage.

Extreme temperatures and fluid pressures are measured, and their causes modelled, in a borehole into the Alpine Fault, where an earthquake rupture is expected within the next few decades. Hydrothermal pressure in earthquake zones Rock deformation at geologic faults is affected by changes in temperature and in the pressure exerted by fluids within the pores of the rocks. Earthquakes occur when variations in these conditions lead to destabilization of mineral phases in Earth's crust, so understanding how this 'tipping point' is reached is important for forecasting earthquakes. Rupert Sutherland et al . report findings from a borehole drilled into the upper part of the Alpine Fault of southern New Zealand. This fault is thought to be late in its cycle of stress accumulation and is therefore expected to rupture in a magnitude 8 earthquake in the coming decades. The authors observed a pore fluid pressure gradient that is well above hydrostatic levels, meaning greater pressure on the surrounding rock, and a high geothermal gradient within the 'hanging wall' of the fault. They conclude that these extreme conditions result from rapid fault movement, which transports rock and heat upwards from deep below the surface, and topographically driven fluid movement that concentrates heat into valleys at the surface. Temperature and fluid pressure conditions control rock deformation and mineralization on geological faults, and hence the distribution of earthquakes 1 . Typical intraplate continental crust has hydrostatic fluid pressure and a near-surface thermal gradient of 31 ± 15 degrees Celsius per kilometre 2 , 3 . At temperatures above 300–450 degrees Celsius, usually found at depths greater than 10–15 kilometres, the intra-crystalline plasticity of quartz and feldspar relieves stress by aseismic creep and earthquakes are infrequent. Hydrothermal conditions control the stability of mineral phases and hence frictional–mechanical processes associated with earthquake rupture cycles, but there are few temperature and fluid pressure data from active plate-bounding faults. Here we report results from a borehole drilled into the upper part of the Alpine Fault, which is late in its cycle of stress accumulation and expected to rupture in a magnitude 8 earthquake in the coming decades 4 , 5 . The borehole (depth 893 metres) revealed a pore fluid pressure gradient exceeding 9 ± 1 per cent above hydrostatic levels and an average geothermal gradient of 125 ± 55 degrees Celsius per kilometre within the hanging wall of the fault. These extreme hydrothermal conditions result from rapid fault movement, which transports rock and heat from depth, and topographically driven fluid movement that concentrates heat into valleys. Shear heating may occur within the fault but is not required to explain our observations. Our data and models show that highly anomalous fluid pressure and temperature gradients in the upper part of the seismogenic zone can be created by positive feedbacks between processes of fault slip, rock fracturing and alteration, and landscape development at plate-bounding faults.

Consistent with their function in immune surveillance, natural killer (NK) cells are distributed throughout lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues. However, the mechanisms governing the steady-state trafficking of NK cells remain unknown. The lysophospholipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), by binding to its receptor S1P 1 , regulates the recirculation of T and B lymphocytes. In contrast, S1P 5 is detected in the brain and regulates oligodendrocyte migration and survival in vitro . Here we show that S1P 5 was also expressed in NK cells in mice and humans and that S1P 5 -deficient mice had aberrant NK cell homing during steady-state conditions. In addition, we found that S1P 5 was required for the mobilization of NK cells to inflamed organs. Our data emphasize distinct mechanisms regulating the circulation of various lymphocyte subsets and raise the possibility that NK cell trafficking may be manipulated by therapies specifically targeting S1P 5 .