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Serbia has become one of the largest remittance-recipient countries in the world. It is estimated that in 2004 Serbia received US2.4 billion dollars in remittances from Serbian workers in Germany, the United States, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, and other countries. This amount represented 12 percent of Serbia’s GDP. This report provides an overview of remittance flows from Germany to Serbia and analyzes why a large part of remittance transfers take place outside financial institutions. The study presents a series of recommendations on needed policy changes to facilitate the transfer of remittance flows from the informal channels to licensed or registered financial institutions, thereby maximizing the developmental impact of remittances, reducing remittances fees, improving data collection practices, and strengthening the regulation and supervision of themoney transfer industry.

This report provides an overview of remittance flows from Germany to Serbia and analyzes why a large part of remittance transfers take place outside financial institutions. The study presents a series of recommendations on needed policy changes to facilitate the transfer of remittance flows from the informal channels to licensed or registered financial institutions, thereby maximizing the developmental impact of remittances, reducing remittances fees, improving data collection practices, and strengthening the regulation and supervision of the money transfer industry

For the landowning class land reform laws, enacted by Italian Parliament and Sicilian Assembly in 1950, were more the consequence than the origin of its declining power. The weight of agrarian capitalism in the national gross product had already dropped from 25% in 1911 to a bare 7%: and is now 2%. Land directly redistributed to peasants was only a part of the general transfer from rural bourgeoisie to owner-cultivators who bought a big amount of land in the free market. The total families settled according to the laws of 1950 were 121,000, of which only 80,000 still managed their farms and plots in 1975. Others 17,000 families had in the meantime substituted the former assignees, so that the total number of holdings was 97,000. This severe selection benefited to efficiency. When settled the 121,000 families tilled 680,000 hectares, but remaininig 97,000 farm now 850,000 hectares: the difference — 170,000 hectares — having being bought or rented by personal initiative. The same initiative which is evident in the development of the cooperative movement.

A slightly changed version in French of SA 1116/C8398 leading up to the same conclusions: progressive concentration of the agri'al pop in the south of Italy; aging of the agri'ly active pop; feminization of the agri'al LF; & changes in the soc stratification of Italian agri, as an effect of the exodus. M. Maxfield.

There has developed in Italy a movement tending to replace the work of the M by that of the F. The Societa Italiana di Sociologia Rurale carried out an enquiry in Molise, which revealed that farms run by F's are not inferior to those run by M's from the point of view of production. Inferior are farms run by F's who did not choose their situation; enterprises run by widows or orphaned girls; econ'ly equal to farms run by M's are those where the F farmer is the wife of an emigrant. Modified AA.