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"Barker, David"
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Archaea : salt-lovers, methane-makers, thermophiles, and other archaeans
Examines the three main divisions into which members of the diverse Archaea kingdom are grouped according to their unusual biology.
Book
Lignans
The 13 research articles/communications, six reviews, and one perspective that comprise this Special Issue on Lignans, highlight the most recent research and investigations into this diverse and important class of bioactive natural products [...]
Journal Article
Trajectories of Growth among Children Who Have Coronary Events as Adults
Low birth weight is a risk factor for the subsequent development of coronary disease. The effect of childhood growth on coronary risk was evaluated in a cohort of persons born in Finland between 1934 and 1944. On average, children who had a coronary event as adults were small at birth but grew rapidly from 2 to 11 years of age. This growth pattern was also associated with elevated fasting insulin concentrations.
The effect of childhood growth on coronary risk was evaluated. On average, children who had a coronary event as adults were small at birth but grew rapidly from 2 to 11 years of age.
People with a low birth weight are at increased risk for the development of coronary heart disease.
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There is uncertainty about the effects of growth during early childhood, a time when rapid weight gain may predispose to later overweight.
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We used data from a cohort of subjects in Helsinki to examine associations between growth in early childhood and later coronary events. We have previously analyzed this cohort for the association between annual changes in body size up to 11 years of age and subsequent coronary events.
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We found that rapid weight gain after two years of age increased . . .
Journal Article
Soil
Readers learn about soil through interactive scenarios using text prediction, purpose-driven research, and creative problem solving.
Book
A Longitudinal Assessment of Sleep Timing, Circadian Phase, and Phase Angle of Entrainment across Human Adolescence
The aim of this descriptive analysis was to examine sleep timing, circadian phase, and phase angle of entrainment across adolescence in a longitudinal study design. Ninety-four adolescents participated; 38 (21 boys) were 9-10 years (\"younger cohort\") and 56 (30 boys) were 15-16 years (\"older cohort\") at the baseline assessment. Participants completed a baseline and then follow-up assessments approximately every six months for 2.5 years. At each assessment, participants wore a wrist actigraph for at least one week at home to measure self-selected sleep timing before salivary dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) phase - a marker of the circadian timing system - was measured in the laboratory. Weekday and weekend sleep onset and offset and weekend-weekday differences were derived from actigraphy. Phase angles were the time durations from DLMO to weekday sleep onset and offset times. Each cohort showed later sleep onset (weekend and weekday), later weekend sleep offset, and later DLMO with age. Weekday sleep offset shifted earlier with age in the younger cohort and later in the older cohort after age 17. Weekend-weekday sleep offset differences increased with age in the younger cohort and decreased in the older cohort after age 17. DLMO to sleep offset phase angle narrowed with age in the younger cohort and became broader in the older cohort. The older cohort had a wider sleep onset phase angle compared to the younger cohort; however, an age-related phase angle increase was seen in the younger cohort only. Individual differences were seen in these developmental trajectories. This descriptive study indicated that circadian phase and self-selected sleep delayed across adolescence, though school-day sleep offset advanced until no longer in high school, whereupon offset was later. Phase angle changes are described as an interaction of developmental changes in sleep regulation interacting with psychosocial factors (e.g., bedtime autonomy).
Journal Article
How we built Britain
\"David Dimbleby leads us on a colourful chronological journey through Britain's architectural landscape: to towerings fortresses, timber-framed barns, magnificent palaces, railway viaducts, music halls, suburban homes and tower blocks.\" \"Generously illustrated with specially commissioned photography and historic images, this book reveals how the structures originated in the experiences and beliefs of the British people, and how they hold the key to who we are.\"--Jacket.
Book
Preterm Birth--A Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes?: The Helsinki Birth Cohort Study
OBJECTIVE: The association between low birth weight and type 2 diabetes is well established. We studied whether preterm birth carries a similar risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The Helsinki Birth Cohort includes 13,345 men and women born between 1934 and 1944. Of them, 12,813 had adequate data on length of gestation, which we linked with data on special reimbursement for diabetes medication. RESULTS: Of the subjects, 5.1% had received special reimbursement after age 40. In subjects born before 35 weeks of gestation, the odds ratio for diabetes was 1.68 (95% CI 1.06-2.65) compared with that in those born at term. After adjustment for birth weight relative to length of gestation, the odds ratio was 1.59 (1.00-2.52). CONCLUSIONS: Preterm birth before 35 weeks of gestation is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in adult life. The risk is independent of that associated with slow fetal growth.
Journal Article
Ancestral alliances: Plant mutualistic symbioses with fungi and bacteria
Within the plant microbiota, mutualistic fungal and bacterial symbionts are striking examples of microorganisms playing crucial roles in nutrient acquisition. They have coevolved with their hosts since initial plant adaptation to land. Despite the evolutionary distances that separate mycorrhizal and nitrogen-fixing symbioses, these associations share a number of highly conserved features, including specific plant symbiotic signaling pathways, root colonization strategies that circumvent plant immune responses, functional host-microbe interface formation, and the central role of phytohormones in symbiosis-associated root developmental pathways. We highlight recent and emerging areas of investigation relating to these evolutionarily conserved mechanisms, with an emphasis on the more ancestral mycorrhizal associations, and consider to what extent this knowledge can contribute to an understanding of plant-microbiota associations as a whole.
Journal Article