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Although the Great Basin of North America has produced some of the most robust and ancient fiber artifact assemblages in the world, many were recovered with poor chronological controls. Consequently, this class of artifacts has seldom been effectively incorporated into general discussions of early chronological and cultural patterns. In recent years, the Great Basin Textile Dating Project has accumulated direct AMS dates on textiles (bags, sandals, mats, cordage, and basketry) from dry caves in the Great Basin, particularly in the northern and western areas. We focus here on the terminal Pleistocene/early Holocene, to identify chronological patterns in this class of artifacts and to evaluate Adovasio’s characterization of the region’s earliest basketry as simple and undecorated. New AMS dates now suggest that the region’s earliest people had sophisticated textile traditions that incorporated numerous decorative elaborations. Some distinctive structures, including Fort Rock sandals and weft-faced plaited textiles, have limited early temporal ranges and may serve as diagnostic indicators for terminal Pleistocene/early Holocene times. Other basketry forms and structures that appear by about 9000 cal B.P. persist into the historic period, suggesting a stronger thread of continuity (especially in the north) from this time than is apparent in lithic traditions A pesar de que la Gran Cuenca de Norteamérica ha proporcionado algunos de los conjuntos arqueológicos de artefactos de fibra más importantes y antiguos del mundo, muchos proceden de excavaciones antiguas por lo que fueron recuperados con escaso control cronológico. Como consecuencia, estos objetos fundamentales para el registro rara vez se ha incorporado de forma efectiva en las discusiones generales sobre los patrones cronológicos y culturales tempranos en la región. En los últimos años, el proyecto de datación de textiles de la Gran Cuenca (Great Basin Textile Dating Project), ha recopilado y presentado fechas directas AMS sobre distintos artefactos textiles (sacos, sandalias, esteras, cordaje y cestería) procedentes de cuevas secas de la Gran Cuenca, especialmente de las áreas norte y oeste. Este trabajo se centra en el Pleistoceno terminal y Holoceno temprano de dichas áreas, con el objetivo de identificar patrones cronológicos en este tipo de artefactos y específicamente con el objeto de evaluar la caracterización realizada por Adovasio de la cestería y otros objetos de fibras perecederas tempranos en la región como simples y sin decoración. Las nuevas dataciones AMS sugieren que los primeros pueblos de la Gran Cuenca, al menos en el norte y oeste, tuvieron tradiciones textiles totalmente desarrolladas y sofisticadas que incorporaron gran cantidad de elaboraciones decorativas. A su vez la gran variedad y complejidad de formas y estructuras textiles sugiere mucha más diversidad cultural entre las primeras poblaciones de la región de lo que se pensaba hasta ahora. Algunos diseños distintivos, como las sandalias tipo Fort Rock y los tejido trenzados con la técnica de faz de trama, presentan un rango temporal limitado, por lo que pueden ser utilizados como indicadores cronológicos de tipo diagnóstico para la fase del Pleistoceno terminal y el Holoceno temprano, ya que no traspasan este último momento. Otras formas y diseños de cestería que aparecen en torno al 9.000 cal B.P. persisten hasta periodos históricos, lo que sugiere una fuerte continuidad de dichas tradiciones (especialmente en el norte) tal y como parece darse también en los líticos.

It is the spring of 1918, and Britain is faced with the possibility of defeat by Germany. A beleaguered government and a vengeful public target two groups as scapegoats: pacifists and homosexuals. Many are jailed, others lead dangerous double lives, the \"the eye in the door\" becomes a symbol of the paranoia that threatens to destroy the very fabric of British society.

Last Supper Cave, located in northwestern Nevada, was excavated in the 1960s and 1970s. It contained a rich record of human occupation spanning the Holocene, but many artifacts from the site, including a large basketry collection, remain unstudied. We report the results of our technological analysis and radiocarbon dating of 14 fiber sandals from Last Supper Cave, which include examples of Fort Rock, Multiple Warp, and Spiral Weft types found at other sites in the northwestern Great Basin. Radiocarbon dates on the sandals correspond well with previous dates from Last Supper Cave and suggest that it was visited episodically for over 10 millennia; however, when considered together with the growing list of dates from the site, the sandal dates suggest that Last Supper Cave saw a prolonged hiatus in occupation during the Middle Holocene—a pattern common at other sandal-bearing sites in the northwestern Great Basin. Last Supper Cave (la Cueva de la Última Cena) está situada en el noroeste de Nevada, Estados Unidos, y fue excavada en las décadas de los 1960 y 1970. La cueva contenía un registro de artefactos cuya temporalidad abarca casi todo el Holoceno. Sin embargo, muchos artefactos procedentes del sitio, incluyendo una gran colección de cestería y canastas, aún no han sido estudiados. Aquí presentamos los resultados del fechado radiocarbónico y de nuestro análisis de métodos tecnológicos de 14 sandalias procedentes de Last Supper Cave. Estas incluyen ejemplos de urdido de fibras en los estilos Fort Rock, Multiple Warp y Spiral Weft, así como de estilos presentes en otras partes del noroeste de la Gran Cuenca. Los resultados del fechado radiocarbónico de las sandalias confirman las fechas anteriores procedentes de Last Supper Cave y sugieren que la cueva fue visitada episódicamente por más de 10 milenios. Sin embargo, cuando los datos cronológicos nuevos y anteriores se consideran en conjunto, las fechas de radiocarbono de las sandalias sugieren que hubo una pausa prolongada en la ocupación de Last Supper Cave durante el Holoceno Medio. El sitio comparte este patrón cronológico de ocupación con otras localidades en el noroeste de la Gran Cuenca donde se han encontrado sandalias.

\"From the Booker Prize-winning author of the Regeneration trilogy comes a monumental new masterpiece, set in the midst of literature's most famous war. Pat Barker turns her attention to the timeless legend of The Iliad, as experienced by the captured women living in the Greek camp in the final weeks of the Trojan War. The ancient city of Troy has withstood a decade under siege of the powerful Greek army, who continue to wage bloody war over a stolen woman--Helen. In the Greek camp, another woman watches and waits for the war's outcome: Briseis. She was queen of one of Troy's neighboring kingdoms, until Achilles, Greece's greatest warrior, sacked her city and murdered her husband and brothers. Briseis becomes Achilles's concubine, a prize of battle, and must adjust quickly in order to survive a radically different life, as one of the many conquered women who serve the Greek army. When Agamemnon, the brutal political leader of the Greek forces, demands Briseis for himself, she finds herself caught between the two most powerful of the Greeks. Achilles refuses to fight in protest, and the Greeks begin to lose ground to their Trojan opponents. Keenly observant and cooly unflinching about the daily horrors of war, Briseis finds herself in an unprecedented position to observe the two men driving the Greek forces in what will become their final confrontation, deciding the fate, not only of Briseis's people, but also of the ancient world at large. Briseis is just one among thousands of women living behind the scenes in this war--the slaves and prostitutes, the nurses, the women who lay out the dead--all of them erased by history. With breathtaking historical detail and luminous prose, Pat Barker brings the teeming world of the Greek camp to vivid life. She offers nuanced, complex portraits of characters and stories familiar from mythology, which, seen from Briseis's perspective, are rife with newfound revelations. Barker's latest builds on her decades-long study of war and its impact on individual lives--and it is nothing short of magnificent\"--

Typological cross-dating is the primary means by which archaeological sites are placed into chronological frameworks. This approach relies on the assumption that artifacts at undated sites—usually projectile points—are coeval with similar artifacts found at Other, dated sites. While typological cross-dating is necessary in regions dominated by open-air lithic scatters, the approach can be problematic when undated and dated sites are separated by significant distances. Here, we present radiocarbon dates on projectile points with organic hafting material still attached or found within organic storage bags. Our results provide unequivocal ages for various morphological projectile point types at several Great Basin locales and should be useful to researchers seeking local age estimates for those point types, which often involves relying on chronological data from more distant sites. The results also highlight potential issues with uncritically applying typological cross-dating using typologies based on metric attributes, and in two cases, suggest the need to revise the age ranges for certain point styles in the western Great Basin.

We use macroscopic charcoal analysis to reconstruct fire history in sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata var. wyomingensis and A. tridentata var. tridentata), in Newark Valley, Nevada. We analyzed charcoal at continuous 1-cm intervals (~7–127 years), and pollen at 2- to 10-cm intervals (~70–263 years) in a core spanning the last 5500 cal yr BP (calendar years before present). A charcoal peak in the historic period was associated with a >1400-ha fire dated to 1986 that burned in the watershed. We reconstructed the prehistoric fire history by inferring fires from similar charcoal peaks that were significantly greater than the background charcoal accumulation. Our results suggest the fire regime is climate and fuel driven. During periods of wetter climate, sagebrush increased and fires were more abundant, and during extended dry periods when sagebrush decreased, fires were less frequent. Our method does not allow calculation of a fire-return interval; however, our results support models that estimate a mean fire-return interval of up to a century in Artemisia tridentata var. wyomingensis. The charcoal record indicates that fires have increased within the historic period. This contrasts with pinyon/juniper studies that indicate an expansion of woodland associated with fewer fires in the historic period. We suggest that in the central Great Basin, a regime of frequent fires in sagebrush that limits woodland expansion is true for the sagebrush-woodland ecotone, but in sagebrush-dominated valleys with lower fuel loads, fires have always been less frequent. Protecting sagebrush-dominated valleys from frequent fire would appear to be consistent with the prehistoric fire regime.