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This thesis is a county study of Catholicism in Cheshire during the Long Reformation period - notionally 1560-1720, when Catholicism was a proscribed minority faith whose practice could attract significant penalties. It remained proscribed for a further century after this period, but was penalised somewhat more routinely than hitherto, and in that sense the 1720s marks a break point in the history of anti-Catholic persecution and thus a natural end point for this study. This revival of the county study genre, in vogue in the 1960s and early 1970s but subsequently historiographically less fashionable, seeks to interrogate the low-level evidence of early modern English Catholicism in the context of the substantial body of literature on the subject that has been produced over the last thirty years. Firstly, it will demonstrate the limited impact of anti-Catholic initiatives in Cheshire over the period. It will show that only a small minority of Catholics were penalised: initially, during the mid-late Elizabethan years, by imprisonment, when no alternative punishment proved operable; and latterly, through distraint of property. There were, however, peaks and troughs in this trajectory, most noticeably in the post-Civil War period. Secondly, it will show how significant the alternatives to the traditional model of gentry-centred recusant Catholicism were: the different forms of Catholicism (recusant and church papist, seigneurially and plebeian led) that flourished in the county. They show that Catholicism there was stronger than previous generations of historians have acknowledged. Lastly, it will differentiate the degree of confessional co-existence with the wider community - limited integration in matters of faith and family life, but rather more integrated in matters of everyday life which touched on neither of these areas. It will also demonstrate engagement with the principal national issues of the era - the Civil War, the Popish Plot, and Jacobitism.

About 40 000 ICEDs were implanted in the UK in 2010, and the number of implantations of implantable cardiac defibrillators and cardiac resynchronisation therapy devices is increasing by 12-15% every year. 3 Although robust data for rates of ICED infection within the UK National Health Service (NHS) are not available, anecdotal evidence suggests that such infections are increasingly common.

Intense interest exists in novel ω-3 formulations with high bioavailability to reduce blood triglyceride (TG) levels. To determine the phase 3 efficacy and safety of a naturally derived krill oil with eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid as both phospholipid esters (PLs) and free fatty acids (FFAs) (ω-3-PL/FFA [CaPre]), measured by fasting TG levels and other lipid parameters in severe hypertriglyceridemia. This study pooled the results of 2 identical randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. TRILOGY 1 (Study of CaPre in Lowering Very High Triglycerides) enrolled participants at 71 US centers from January 23, 2018, to November 20, 2019; TRILOGY 2 enrolled participants at 93 US, Canadian, and Mexican centers from April 6, 2018, to January 9, 2020. Patients with fasting TG levels from 500 to 1500 mg/dL, with or without stable treatment with statins, fibrates, or other agents to lower cholesterol levels, were eligible to participate. Randomization (2.5:1.0) to ω-3-PL/FFA, 4 g/d, vs placebo (cornstarch) for 26 weeks. The primary outcome was the mean percentage of change in TG levels at 12 weeks; persistence at 26 weeks was the key secondary outcome. Other prespecified secondary outcomes were effects on levels of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), HDL-C, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C); safety and tolerability; and TG level changes in prespecified subgroups. A total of 520 patients were randomized, with a mean (SD) age of 54.9 (11.2) years (339 men [65.2%]), mean (SD) body mass index of 31.5 (5.1), and baseline mean (SD) TG level of 701 (222) mg/dL. Two hundred fifty-six patients (49.2%) were of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity; 275 (52.9%) had diabetes; and 248 (47.7%) were receiving statins. In the intention-to-treat analysis, TG levels were reduced by 26.0% (95% CI, 20.5%-31.5%) in the ω-3-PL/FFA group and 15.1% (95% CI, 6.6%-23.5%) in the placebo group at 12 weeks (mean treatment difference, -10.9% [95% CI, -20.4% to -1.5%]; P = .02), with reductions persisting at 26 weeks (mean treatment difference, -12.7% [95% CI, -23.1% to -2.4%]; P = .02). Compared with placebo, ω-3-PL/FFA had no significant effect at 12 weeks on mean treatment differences for non-HDL-C (-3.2% [95% CI, -8.0% to 1.6%]; P = .18), VLDL-C (-3.8% [95% CI, -12.2% to 4.7%]; P = .38), HDL-C (0.7% [95% CI, -3.7% to 5.1%]; P = .77), or LDL-C (4.5% [95% CI, -5.9% to 14.8%]; P = .40) levels; corresponding differences at 26 weeks were -5.8% (95% CI, -11.3% to -0.3%; P = .04) for non-HDL-C levels, -9.1% (95% CI, -21.5% to 3.2%; P = .15) for VLDL-C levels, 1.9% (95% CI, -4.8% to 8.6%; P = .57) for HDL-C levels, and 6.3% (95% CI, -12.4% to 25.0%; P = .51) for LDL-C levels. Effects on the primary end point did not vary significantly by age, sex, race and ethnicity, country, qualifying TG level, diabetes, or fibrate use but tended to be larger among patients taking statins or cholesterol absorption inhibitors at baseline (mean treatment difference, -19.5% [95% CI, -34.5% to -4.6%]; P = .08 for interaction) and with lower (less than median) baseline blood eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid levels (-19.5% [95% CI, -33.8% to -5.3%]; P = .08 for interaction). ω-3-PL/FFA was well tolerated, with a safety profile similar to that of placebo. This study found that ω-3 -PL/FFA, a novel krill oil-derived ω-3 formulation, reduced TG levels and was safe and well tolerated in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT03398005 and NCT03361501.

Provides a comprehensive summary of what is known from the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study (NZAVS) about attitudes toward Muslims among New Zealanders, as well as prejudice in New Zealand more generally. Describes the distribution of thermometer ratings of warmth toward Muslims annually from 2012 onward, and compares these with thermometer ratings of a range of other groups that are also tracked. Presents a regression model documenting the extent to which a broad range of demographics and aspects of personality are associated with low levels of warmth toward Muslims, and a parallel model assessing warmth ratings toward immigrants as a comparison. Includes a series of growth curve models outlining the relative level and rate of change over time in warmth toward Muslims and other groups from 2012-2018. Source: National Library of New Zealand Te Puna Matauranga o Aotearoa, licensed by the Department of Internal Affairs for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand Licence.

Whilst it is becoming increasingly commonplace to find girls in English cathedral choirs, there is a debate that continues as to whether they are able to carry out this role appropriately in what is traditionally a male dominated arena. Some suggest that girls are unable to produce a sound that is in keeping with the musical traditions of the choral sung divine offices. This paper reports results from two experiments designed to explore the nature of perceptual and production differences between trained girl and boy English cathedral choristers. The experiment was designed to explore the extent to which listeners can tell whether boys or girls were singing the top line in excerpts from professional recordings of an English cathedral choir where the lower three parts and the acoustic environment remained constant. Results suggest that listeners can identify the sex of the choristers singing the top line with approximately 60% accuracy but that musical context plays is an important factor. Boys are accurately identified more often than girls and adults recognise chorister sex more reliably than children. The production experiment looked at voice source differences between girl and boy choristers. The results suggest that voice source differences that change through puberty exist between boys and girls, and that real-time visual displays could be useful in vocal training.