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The center of interest of this research study is to unfold the phenomena in the electric double layer (EDL) adjacent to the indicted peristaltic wall and its impact on a peristaltic transport of ionized non-Newtonian blood (Jeffrey liquid model) infused with hybridized copper and gold nanoparticles through a ciliated micro-vessel under the buoyancy and Lorentz forces’ action. The energy equation is found with consideration of viscous dissipation and internal heat source impacts. The complicated normalized flow equations are abridged by adopting lubrication and Debye–Hückel linearization postulates. The homotopy perturbation approach is devoted to yield the optimal series solutions of the resulting equations. The amendment in the pertinent hemodynamical characteristics against the significant flow parameters is canvassed via plentiful graphical designs. Outcomes confess that a higher assisting the electric body force and thin EDL significantly opposes the blood flow nearby the ciliated micro-vessel wall. The heat exchange rate for hybrid nano-blood (26% for Cu-Au /blood) is greatly evaluated to nano-blood (20% for Au -blood and 11.4% for Cu -blood). The trapped bolus is expanded due to thinner EDL or longer cilia length. This simulation could help to design electro-osmotic blood pumps, diagnostic devices, pharmacological systems, etc.

We explored the association of body mass index (BMI) with overall health among middle-aged and older Indian adults. The cross-sectional sample included 42,575 respondents (45 years) from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI), Wave 1 (2017-18), including middle-aged (23,811) and older adults (18,764). Overall health was assessed by using 19 health indicators, including 10 chronic diseases. Binary logistic regressions were utilized to examine the effect. The overweight and obese older adults were associated with higher life satisfaction (LS), happiness, better handgrip strength (HGS), better cognition (CS), and less insomnia, less depression but a higher prevalence of chronic diseases, i.e., hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, bone or joint diseases, dementia, cholesterol, and vision problems, compared to a normal BMI. In contrast, middle-aged and older adults who were underweight were less likely to have major chronic diseases, but all of their other health conditions were worse than the normal BMI. However, the association between BMI and stroke, cancer, or dementia showed no significant difference due to lower incidence. The results did not show much difference between middle-aged and older adults. The results stress the potential association between BMI and several health measures among middle-aged and older adults, which in the future may help in controlling BMI to achieve successful aging in India.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major problem and an immediate alternative to antibiotics is the need of the hour. Research on the possible alternative products to tackle bacterial infections is ongoing worldwide. One of the most promising alternatives to antibiotics is the use of bacteriophages (phage) or phage-driven antibacterial drugs to cure bacterial infections caused by AMR bacteria. Phage-driven proteins, including holins, endolysins, and exopolysaccharides, have shown great potential in the development of antibacterial drugs. Likewise, phage virion proteins (PVPs) might also play an important role in the development of antibacterial drugs. Here, we have developed a machine learning-based prediction method to predict PVPs using phage protein sequences. We have employed well-known basic and ensemble machine learning methods with protein sequence composition features for the prediction of PVPs. We found that the gradient boosting classifier (GBC) method achieved the best accuracy of 80% on the training dataset and an accuracy of 83% on the independent dataset. The performance on the independent dataset is better than other existing methods. A user-friendly web server developed by us is freely available to all users for the prediction of PVPs from phage protein sequences. The web server might facilitate the large-scale prediction of PVPs and hypothesis-driven experimental study design.

This paper presents a concise methodology for the detection of partially reduplicated Multi-Word Expressions (MWEs) in Bengali texts. The entire process of identifying such reduplicated forms is carried out in two distinct phases, each contributing to the accuracy and effectiveness of the overall approach. In the first phase, a Levenshtein distance based algorithm is employed to identify partial reduplicated forms within Bengali text. This algorithm assesses the similarity between words and determines whether a partially reduplicated structure exists, thereby flagging relevant instances of reduplicated forms. Moving to the second phase, the performance of the first phase is enhanced through the application of a noble technique known as Word Expansion . By doing so, the performance of the reduplication identification process are significantly improved, leading to more accurate results. Evaluation metrics include Precision (90.00%), Recall (85.71%), and F1-Score (87.80%). These high scores underscore the system’s capability to successfully identify and categorize partially reduplicated MWEs within Bengali text. Moreover, the performance metrics also demonstrate that this approach surpasses the current state-of-the-art methods for identifying reduplicated expressions in Bengali text, reaffirming its efficacy and relevance.

Reduplication is a highly productive process in Bengali word formation, with significant implications for various natural language processing (NLP) applications, such as parts-of-speech tagging and sentiment analysis. Despite its importance, this area has not been extensively explored in computational linguistics, especially for low-resource languages like Bengali. This study first demonstrates that a two-way finite-state transducer (FST) can effectively capture complete reduplication generation processes in Bengali. Second, it is shown that the formation of partial reduplication requires a set of 2-way FSTs due to the diverse patterns involved in Bengali partial reduplications. Third, the research highlights the utility of the reduplication generation process in identifying Bengali reduplication instances, achieving a commendable F1-Score of 88.11%. This method outperforms current state-of-the-art methods for identifying reduplicated expressions in Bengali text. This research contributes valuable insights into the computational representation of reduplication in Bengali, offering potential enhancements for NLP tasks in low-resource language scenarios.

Newer multi-kinase inhibitors (MKI) like sunitinib have changed the therapy of patients of renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumor. The use of sunitinib also led to cutaneous toxicity, known as hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR). We report a case of hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR) in an Indian patient being treated with sunitinib. Respective literature on this disorder is also reviewed.

Soil salinity stress is one of the major bottlenecks for crop production. Although, allantoin is known to be involved in nitrogen metabolism in plants, yet several reports in recent time indicate its involvement in various abiotic stress responses including salinity stress. However, the detail mechanism of allantoin involvement in salinity stress tolerance in plants is not studied well. Moreover, we demonstrated the role of exogenous application of allantoin as well as increased concentration of endogenous allantoin in rendering salinity tolerance in rice and Arabidopsis respectively, via., induction of abscisic acid (ABA) and brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis pathways. Exogenous application of allantoin (10 µM) provides salt-tolerance to salt-sensitive rice genotype (IR-29). Transcriptomic data after exogenous supplementation of allantoin under salinity stress showed induction of ABA (OsNCED1) and BR (Oscytochrome P450) biosynthesis genes in IR-29. Further, the key gene of allantoin biosynthesis pathway i.e., urate oxidase of the halophytic species Oryza coarctata was also found to induce ABA and BR biosynthesis genes when over-expressed in transgenic Arabidopsis. Thus, indicating that ABA and BR biosynthesis pathways were involved in allantoin mediated salinity tolerance in both rice and Arabidopsis. Additionally, it has been found that several physio-chemical parameters such as biomass, Na+/K+ ratio, MDA, soluble sugar, proline, allantoin and chlorophyll contents were also associated with the allantoin-mediated salinity tolerance in urate oxidase overexpressed lines of Arabidopsis. These findings depicted the functional conservation of allantoin for salinity tolerance in both plant clades.Key messagePhytohormonal pathways (abscisic acid and brassinosteroid) are involved in allantoin mediated salinity stress tolerance response in both monocot and dicot.

Purpose: Advances in patient treatment depend heavily on clinical trials (CTs). Patient volunteers for CT are tougher to recruit and retain. In order to administer CTs effectively, it is necessary to comprehend how the public views and perceives participating in them. The study assessed the perception and attitudes of patients and bystanders toward CTs in India. Methods: This was a multi-centric, cross-sectional study among patients and bystanders using a questionnaire that consisted of socio-demographic characteristics and questions on knowledge and attitude toward participation in CTs. The minimum sample size estimated for the survey was 750. Results: A total of 1260 respondents (patients and bystanders) had participated in the survey. 42% of total respondents were aware about CTs. Unawareness regarding (i) voluntary power of an individual to participate in a CT (only 47%), (ii) entitled benefits of free treatment and medical insurance during enrolment in a CT (only 47%), and (iii) only 16% of the respondents knew involvement of human subjects in CT were the major highlights among those who had prior knowledge about CTs. Education was the most pervasive factor in shaping positive perception among the respondents. Occupation was another ubiquitous factor in shaping their perception regarding CTs. Conclusion: The majority of respondents were not aware of CTs. The major concerns observed were time consumption and harmful nature of CTs that influenced their unwillingness to participate in CTs. Initiatives such as awareness campaigns and survey assessments that would result in scientifically effective health service policies would be strategic methods to enhance CT participation.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the knowledge and perception of health-care professionals (HCPs), such as doctors/surgeons, pharmacists, nurses, optometrists, and lab technicians, on clinical trials (CTs) in India. Methods: The study was a pan-Indian cross-sectional survey initiated by the Indian Ophthalmology Clinical Trial Network (IOCTN) by using a previously validated questionnaire for three months of data collection. An online survey was used to record information regarding demographics, CT knowledge, and CT perception among HCPs. Results: A total of 630 responses were recorded from HCPs: 207 doctors and surgeons, 159 pharmacists, and 264 laboratory technicians, nurses, and optometrists across India. Over 90% of HCPs had a clear knowledge on the purpose of CTs, the informed consent (IC) process, ethical approval by the Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI). About 80% and 90% were aware of confidentiality of patients, voluntariness of participation, and good clinical practice. Surprisingly, less than 50% had lesser knowledge regarding monetary incentives of CT participants (CTPs). A slightly positive perception was observed regarding the potential benefits of CTPs, compensation related to injury, and importance of obtaining IC. Less than 50% had a negative perception that monetary compensation to CTPs led to bias and deprivation of standard treatments. However, no significant difference was observed between other aspects of demographics and perception regarding CTs. Conclusion: We observed doctors and surgeons to be having the highest regarding CTs, followed by pharmacists. The survey highlighted the necessity of scheduling awareness programs among the HCPs, which would improve their misconceptions and perception of CTs while interacting with patients for CT enrollment.

Diarrheal diseases continue to be a major public health concern in low- and middle-income countries, where insufficient water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices lead to a substantial community burden. We conducted a cross-sectional census survey with follow-up qualitative interviews, which assessed the cumulative incidence and associated factors of diarrheal diseases in Bishnupur-II block of South 24 Parganas district in West Bengal, India, between April and June 2024. We conducted a census-based survey of 12,793 households, obtained valid responses from 10,000 and followed by qualitative interviews with mothers of under-five children and key health workers. Overall, the 6-months cumulative incidence was 16.9% (1690/10,000 households) with 75.9% of the families reported seeking treatment for their children at government health facilities. Households that relied on vendor-supplied drinking water had 2.71 times greater odds of diarrhea (AOR: 2.71; 95% CI 1.84-4.01), whereas those who only used water for handwashing had a threefold increased odds (AOR: 3.14; 95% CI 2.51-3.93). The majority (78.6%) of the households did not disinfect drinking water. Qualitative investigations identified awareness gaps, cultural views, financial limitations, poor infrastructure, and the importance of community engagement as crucial factors on hygiene behavior. Integrated quantitative and qualitative observations highlight the need for tailored interventions that combine health education, behavior modification, and improved WASH infrastructure to reduce diarrheal morbidity in rural West Bengal and other similar contexts.