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This dissertation examines the space described in the narrative of Gen 2-3 using a methodology developed from the field of critical spatiality. The dissertation answers the question \"How does the spatial setting of the Garden of Eden inform the interpretation of the biblical narrative of Gen 2-3?\" The study concludes that the author of Gen 2-3 presents the description of space along a narrative arc. At the beginning of the narrative space is insufficient and at the end of the narrative, space is under the curse. Between these terminal points of the narrative is the Garden of Eden, which the author presents as the ideal space of the created world. The methodology employed in the dissertation is based upon the spatial trialectic developed by Henri Lefebvre and Edward Soja. The study begins by analyzing the physical space (Firstspace) the author describes in Gen 2-3. Because the physical space of Eden is not available for study, the Firstspace examination of Gen 2-3 relies on a reconstruction of the space of Eden using the description provided by the author of the passage. Examining the physical descriptions of space assists in reconstructing a Firstspace for analysis. The examination of space then explores the cultural conception of space (Secondspace) for spaces similar to those described in Gen 2-3 in the ANE cosmogonie texts. The Secondspace exploration reviews the ANE cosmogonie literature with particular attention to how those documents understand spaces similar to the ones described in the narrative of Gen 2-3. The result of this investigation is a greater understanding of how spatial concepts are perceived in the ANE world. Finally, the dissertation explores how the author of Gen 2-3 combines the author's description of space and the conceptual understanding of space in the ANE within narrative space (Thirdspace). The Thirdspace exploration of Gen 2-3 reveals how the author of the passage uses cultural understanding and physical description of space to construct the theological message of the text. In the Thirdspace of Gen 2-3 cultural concepts and physical descriptors come together as a part of the author's didactic narrative construction. The author's Thirdspace construction of space suggests that the focus of the narrative of Gen 2-3 is God's establishment of an agricultural paradise and humanity's rejection of this good space. The narrative of Gen 2-3 is the beginning of a biblical story that often centers around spatial issues. Understanding how the author of Gen 2-3 uses space to craft his narrative produces a framework for determining how other biblical authors use space to form the theological message of the Bible.

In the first chapter, the writer will seek to identify the historical setting of the early church creeds. Having done so, the writer will attempt to identify the core creedal language of the early church creeds, presenting those creedal phrases in their Greek construction. The second chapter will focus on the instances in the New Testament manuscripts where influence from the early creeds is suspected. In this chapter the writer will examine the text variants which show creedal influence in light of the larger textual tradition. Variants will be presented based upon creedal slogan which is suspected to have caused their presence in the manuscript tradition. Each variant or variant group will be analyzed based upon the classification of the manuscript, the date of the manuscript, and the likelihood that the error which produced the variant was a product of creedal influence. The final chapter will synthesize the data found within the first two and seek to provide the reader with a picture of how the creedal influences or lack of creedal influences upon Scripture give insight into the early church. The writer will seek to demonstrate the effect of creed onto canon and the effect that creedal language played in early Christian communities. The methodology employed in this final chapter will largely seek to synthesize the data presented in the previous two chapters.

Measuring daily and seasonal patterns of activity is useful for understanding the ecological and evolutionary drivers of behavior. We used collar-mounted light loggers to examine how nest attendance in arboreal squirrels and aboveground activity in semifossorial ground squirrels are affected by weather-driven changes in thermoregulatory conditions. Activity of lactating red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) had a diurnal pattern showing 3 daily peaks of activity with time spent outside the nest increasing with increasing ambient temperature, but decreasing with increasing relative humidity and wind. Despite the persistence of daylight during midsummer in the arctic environment, female arctic ground squirrels (Urocitellus parryii) also exhibited diurnal activity patterns with time spent above ground each day decreasing in response to precipitation but increasing with increasing ambient temperature and incident solar radiation. On cooler days, ground squirrels exhibited a unimodal activity pattern. However, on warm days, ground squirrels spent less time above ground when solar radiation and ambient temperature were both at their daily maxima, which resulted in a bimodal activity pattern. Our results highlight the utility of light loggers as a cost-effective means of addressing questions related to foraging behavior, parental care, thermoregulation, energetics, and timing of activity in arboreal and semifossorial small mammals.

The focus for the use of bioinformatics resources in the pharmaceutical industry is increasingly moving from the vigorous pursuit of intellectual property towards exploration of pre-competitive collaborations and engagement with the public domain. In this article, we discuss the rationale for these changes and the associated challenges, and also propose new areas of public–private collaboration in computational biology and chemistry that could enhance drug discovery in academia and industry. Pharmaceutical research and development is facing substantial challenges that have prompted the industry to shift funding from early- to late-stage projects. Among the effects is a major change in the attitude of many companies to their internal bioinformatics resources: the focus has moved from the vigorous pursuit of intellectual property towards exploration of pre-competitive cross-industry collaborations and engagement with the public domain. High-quality, open and accessible data are the foundation of pre-competitive research, and strong public–private partnerships have considerable potential to enhance public data resources, which would benefit everyone engaged in drug discovery. In this article, we discuss the background to these changes and propose new areas of collaboration in computational biology and chemistry between the public domain and the pharmaceutical industry.