Explore the vast range of titles available.

The study of open charm meson production provides an efficient tool for the investigation of the properties of hot and dense matter formed in nucleus–nucleus collisions. The interpretation of the existing di-muon data from the CERN SPS suffers from a lack of knowledge on the mechanism and properties of the open charm particle production. Due to this, the heavy-ion programme of the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS has been extended by precise measurements of charm hadrons with short lifetimes. A new Vertex Detector for measurements of the rare processes of open charm production in nucleus–nucleus collisions was designed to meet the challenges of track registration and high resolution in primary and secondary vertex reconstruction. A small-acceptance version of the vertex detector was installed in 2016 and tested with Pb + Pb collisions at 150 A GeV / c . It was also operating during the physics data taking on Xe + La and Pb + Pb collisions at 150 A GeV / c conducted in 2017 and 2018. This paper presents the detector design and construction, data calibration, event reconstruction, and analysis procedure.

A measurement of charged hadron pair correlations in two-dimensional [Formula omitted] space is presented. The analysis is based on total 30 million central Be + Be collisions observed in the NA61/SHINE detector at the CERN SPS for incident beam momenta of 19A, 30A, 40A, 75A, and 150A [Formula omitted]. Measurements were carried out for unlike-sign and like-sign charge hadron pairs independently. The [Formula omitted] correlation functions were compared with results from a similar analysis on p + p interactions at similar beam momenta per nucleon. General trends of the back-to-back correlations are similar in central Be + Be collisions and p + p interactions, but are suppressed in magnitude due to the increased combinatorial background. Predictions from the Epos and UrQMD models are compared to the measurements. Evolution of an enhancement around [Formula omitted] with incident energy is observed in central Be + Be collisions. It is not predicted by both models and almost non-existing in proton-proton collisions at the same momentum per nucleon.

The production of [Formula omitted] and [Formula omitted] hyperons in inelastic p+p interactions is studied in a fixed target experiment at a beam momentum of 158 [Formula omitted]. Double differential distributions in rapidity [Formula omitted] and transverse momentum [Formula omitted] are obtained from a sample of 33M inelastic events. They allow to extrapolate the spectra to full phase space and to determine the mean multiplicity of both [Formula omitted] and [Formula omitted]. The rapidity and transverse momentum spectra are compared to transport model predictions. The [Formula omitted] mean multiplicity in inelastic p+p interactions at 158 [Formula omitted] is used to quantify the strangeness enhancement in A+A collisions at the same centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair.

The measurement of [Formula omitted] resonance production via its [Formula omitted] decay mode in inelastic p+p collisions at beam momentum 158 [Formula omitted] ( [Formula omitted] [Formula omitted]) is presented. The data were recorded by the NA61/SHINE hadron spectrometer at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The template method was used to extract the [Formula omitted] signal and double-differential transverse momentum and rapidity spectra were obtained. The full phase-space mean multiplicity of [Formula omitted] mesons was found to be [Formula omitted]. The NA61/SHINEresults are compared with the Epos1.99 and Hadron Resonance Gas models as well as with world data from p+p and nucleus-nucleus collisions.

Results on [Formula omitted] meson production in inelastic [Formula omitted] collisions at CERN SPS energies are presented. They are derived from data collected by the NA61/SHINE fixed target experiment, by means of invariant mass spectra fits in the [Formula omitted] decay channel. They include the first ever measured double differential spectra of [Formula omitted] mesons as a function of rapidity [Formula omitted] and transverse momentum [Formula omitted] for proton beam momenta of [Formula omitted] and [Formula omitted], as well as single differential spectra of [Formula omitted] or [Formula omitted] for beam momentum of [Formula omitted]. The corresponding total [Formula omitted] yields per inelastic [Formula omitted] event are obtained. These results are compared with existing data on [Formula omitted] meson production in [Formula omitted] collisions. The comparison shows consistency but superior accuracy of the present measurements. The emission of [Formula omitted] mesons in [Formula omitted] reactions is confronted with that occurring in [Formula omitted] collisions, and the experimental results are compared with model predictions. It appears that none of the considered models can properly describe all the experimental observations.

Measurements of inclusive spectra and mean multiplicities of [Formula omitted], K [Formula omitted], p and [Formula omitted] produced in inelastic p + p interactions at incident projectile momenta of 20, 31, 40, 80 and 158 [Formula omitted] ( [Formula omitted] 6.3, 7.7, 8.8, 12.3 and 17.3 [Formula omitted], respectively) were performed at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron using the large acceptance NA61/SHINE hadron spectrometer. Spectra are presented as function of rapidity and transverse momentum and are compared to predictions of current models. The measurements serve as the baseline in the NA61/SHINE study of the properties of the onset of deconfinement and search for the critical point of strongly interacting matter.

We present measurements of [Formula omitted], [Formula omitted] and K [Formula omitted] spectra in [Formula omitted] C production interactions at 158 [Formula omitted] and [Formula omitted] spectra at 350 [Formula omitted] using the NA61/SHINE spectrometer at the CERN SPS. Spectra are presented as a function of the Feynman's variable [Formula omitted] in the range [Formula omitted] and [Formula omitted] for 158 and 350 [Formula omitted] respectively. Furthermore, we show comparisons with previous measurements and predictions of several hadronic interaction models. These measurements are essential for a better understanding of hadronic shower development and for improving the modeling of cosmic ray air showers.

High-fat diet, exposure to saturated fatty acids, or the presence of adipocytes in myoblast microenvironment affects skeletal muscle growth and function. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of palmitate supplementation on transcriptomic profile of mouse C2C12 myoblasts. Global gene expression was evaluated using whole mouse genome oligonucleotide microarrays, and the results were validated through qPCR. A total of 4047 genes were identified as differentially expressed, including 3492 downregulated and 555 upregulated genes, during a 48-h exposure to palmitate (0.1 mmol/l). Functional classification showed the involvement of these genes in several processes which regulate cell growth. In conclusion, the addition of palmitate modifies the expression of genes associated with (1) myoblast responsiveness to hormones and growth factors, (2) cytokine and growth factor expression, and (3) regulation of cell-cell and cell-matrix communication. Such alterations can affect myoblast growth and differentiation; however, further studies in this field are required.

Charmonium production in heavy ion collisions is considered as an important diagnostic probe for studying the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter for potential phase transitions. The interpretation of existing data from the CERN SPS is hampered by a lack of knowledge on the properties of open charm particle production in the fireball. Moreover, open charm production in heavy ion collisions by itself is poorly understood. To overcome this obstacle, the NA61/SHINE was equipped with a Small Acceptance Vertex Detector (SAVD), which is predicted to make the experiment sensitive to open charm mesons produced in A-A collisions at the SPS top energy. This paper will introduce the concept and the hardware of the SAVD. Moreover, first running experience as obtained in a commissioning run with a 150 A GeV/ c Pb+Pb collision system will be reported.

Charmonium production in heavy ion collisions is considered as an important diagnostic probe for studying the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter for potential phase transitions. The interpretation of existing data from the CERN SPS is hampered by a lack of knowledge on the properties of open charm particle production in the fireball. Moreover, open charm production in heavy ion collisions by itself is poorly understood. To overcome this obstacle, the NA61/SHINE was equipped with a Small Acceptance Vertex Detector (SAVD), which is predicted to make the experiment sensitive to open charm mesons produced in A-A collisions at the SPS top energy. This paper will introduce the concept and the hardware of the SAVD. Moreover, first running experience as obtained in a commissioning run with a 150 AGeV/c Pb+Pb collision system will be reported.