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"Bat Conservation International"
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Two distinct host-specialized fungal species cause white-nose disease in bats
The emergence of infectious diseases, particularly those caused by fungal pathogens, poses serious threats to public health, wildlife and ecosystem stability1. Host–fungus interactions and environmental factors have been extensively examined2,3,4. However, the role of genetic variability in pathogens is often less well-studied, even for diseases such as white-nose in bats, which has caused one of the highest disease-driven death tolls documented in nonhuman mammals5. Previous research on white-nose disease has primarily focused on variations in disease outcomes attributed to host traits or environmental conditions6,7,8, but has neglected pathogen variability. Here we leverage an extensive reference collection of 5,479 fungal isolates from 27 countries to reveal that the widespread causative agent is not a single species but two sympatric cryptic species, each exhibiting host specialization. Our findings provide evidence of recombination in each species, but significant genetic differentiation across their genomes, including differences in genome organization. Both species contain geographically differentiated populations, which enabled us to identify the species introduced to North America and trace its source population to a region in Ukraine. In light of our discovery of the existence of two cryptic species of the causative agent of white-nose disease, our research underscores the need to integrate the study of pathogen variability into comprehensive disease surveillance, management and prevention strategies. This holistic approach is crucial for enhancing our understanding of diseases and implementing effective measures to prevent their spread.
Journal Article
Bats of Jebel Mghilla National Park (central Tunisia): first survey and habitat-related activity
We surveyed the bat fauna of the Jebel Mghilla National Park (central Tunisia) in the five main habitats from the lowland to the summit: cultivated area, open juniper (Juniperus spp.) forest, Stipa tenacessima steppe, open and dense forest of Pinus halepensis, with a special emphasis on water bodies. We mist-netted three bat species: Eptesicus isabellinus, Myotis emarginatus and Myotis punicus. We also identified echolocation calls of Rhinolophus blasii, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rhinolophus hipposideros, Tadarida teniotis, Miniopterus schreibersii, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Plecotus gaisleri and Hypsugo savii. Pipistrellus kuhlii and E. isabellinus were the most active and widely distributed species. The bat fauna was richer in the dense and open pine forest than in cultivated area and open juniper forest, but water bodies are also very attractive for bats.
Journal Article
Bats of Jebel Mghilla National Park (central Tunisia): first survey and habitat-related activity
We surveyed the bat fauna of the Jebel Mghilla National Park (central Tunisia) in the five main habitats from the lowland to the summit: cultivated area, open juniper (Juniperus spp.) forest, Stipa tenacessima steppe, open and dense forest of Pinus halepensis, with a special emphasis on water bodies. We mist-netted three bat species: Eptesicus isabellinus, Myotis emarginatus and Myotis punicus. We also identified echolocation calls of Rhinolophus blasii, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rhinolophus hipposideros, Tadarida teniotis, Miniopterus schreibersii, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Plecotus gaisleri and Hypsugo savii. Pipistrellus kuhlii and E. isabellinus were the most active and widely distributed species. The bat fauna was richer in the dense and open pine forest than in cultivated area and open juniper forest, but water bodies are also very attractive for bats.
Journal Article