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Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander) seeds have long been used as a traditional medicine and a spice worldwide. Despite its abundant use, bioactive properties of coriander seeds, correlated with the antioxidant and phenolic data, have not been fully studied systematically. This study evaluated the phenolic data, antioxidant capacity, and antibacterial activity of coriander seed extracts obtained using solvents of differing polarity. Higher total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity were observed in the polar extracts, while moderate and non-polar extracts possessed higher antibacterial activity. Acetone extract (Ace) had the highest antibacterial activity, with an inhibition zone diameter (IZD) of 16.2 ± 0.2 mm against B. subtilis, and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 1 and 2% (w/v), respectively. The MBC/MIC ratio between 1 and 4 was observed for the active extracts of coriander seeds, indicating their bactericidal behavior. The liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectroscopy (LC–MS/MS) system using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) targeted analysis identified 13 phenolic compounds: gallic acid, ellagic acid, gentisic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, o-coumaric acid, sinapinic acid, chlorogenic acid, salicylic acid, ferulic acid, rutin, trans-cinnamic acid, and quercetin. Quantitative differences were observed in the phenolic compounds across the different coriander seed extracts. The TPC was significantly (p ≤ 0.01) and positively correlated with cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) (r = 0.92), as well as with ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (r = 0.98); furthermore, it showed that the higher level of antioxidant capacity of the coriander seed extracts was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) associated with phenolic compounds such as gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, gentisic acid, ferulic acid, and rutin. However, antibacterial activity and phenolic/antioxidant content were negatively correlated, suggesting that non-polar compounds may impact antibacterial activity.

The EP300 protein is a histone acetyltransferase 1 , 2 that regulates transcription via chromatin remodelling 3 and is important in the processes of cell proliferation 4 and differentiation 5 . EP300 acetylation of TP53 in response to DNA damage regulates its DNA-binding and transcription functions 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 . A role for EP300 in cancer has been implied by the fact that it is targeted by viral oncoproteins, it is fused to MLL in leukaemia and two missense sequence alterations in EP300 were identified in epithelial malignancies 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 . Nevertheless, direct demonstration of the role of EP300 in tumorigenesis by inactivating mutations in human cancers has been lacking. Here we describe EP300 mutations, which predict a truncated protein, in 6 (3%) of 193 epithelial cancers analysed. Of these six mutations, two were in primary tumours (a colorectal cancer and a breast cancer) and four were in cancer cell lines (colorectal, breast and pancreatic). In addition, we identified a somatic in-frame insertion in a primary breast cancer and missense alterations in a primary colorectal cancer and two cell lines (breast and pancreatic). Inactivation of the second allele was demonstrated in five of six cases with truncating mutations and in two other cases. Our data show that EP300 is mutated in epithelial cancers and provide the first evidence that it behaves as a classical tumour-suppressor gene.

Background The emotional consequences of patient deaths on physicians have been studied in a variety of medical settings. Reactions to patient death include distress, guilt, and grief. Comparatively, there are few studies on the effects of patient death on physicians and residents in the Emergency Department (ED). The ED setting is considered unique for having more sudden deaths that likely include the young and previously healthy and expectations for the clinician to return to a dynamic work environment. To date, no studies have looked at the effects of patient deaths on the more vulnerable population of medical students in the ED. This study examined aspects of patient deaths in the ED that most strongly influence students’ reactions while comparing it to those of an inpatient setting. Methods Semi-structured qualitative interviews were carried out with a total of 16 medical students from the American University of Beirut, Medical Center in Lebanon who had recently encountered a patient death in the ED. Questions included their reaction to the death, interaction with patients and their family members, the response of the medical team, and coping mechanisms adopted. Results The analysis revealed the following as determinant factors of student reaction to patient death: context of death; including age of patient, expectation of death, first death experience, relating patient death to personal deaths, and extent of interaction with patient and family members. Importantly, deaths in an inpatient setting were judged as more impactful than ED deaths. ED deaths, however, were especially powerful when a trauma case was deemed physically disturbing and cases in which family reactions were emotionally moving. Conclusion The study demonstrates that students’ emotional reactions differ as a function of the setting (surprise and shock in the ED versus sadness and grief in an inpatient setting). Debriefing and counseling sessions on ED deaths may benefit from this distinction.

Blackleg, (stem canker, Leptosphaeria maculans), is the most economically important disease on oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Studies were undertaken to determine the effect of three different L. maculans isolates with different virulence/avirulence patterns on the expression of qualitative resistance and senescence on cotyledons of 11 B. napus genotypes. There were significant differences between genotypes (P < 0.01), isolates (P < 0.01) and a significant genotype by isolate interaction (P < 0.01) in terms of disease index and lesion diameter. Overall, B. napus LSF0530 was more resistant than Barrel > Scotia > Amber x Commanche DH Line. Westar, Drummonds Purple Top, and Parkside were the most susceptible. L. maculans isolates D5 and D13 were the most pathogenic, showing the greatest disease index and lesion diameters. Genotypes such as LSF0530, Scotia, Duell and Barrel responded with a distinct hypersensitive response, whereas Parkside, Drummonds Purple Top, Amber x Commanche DH Line and Westar all showed a distinct yellow halo around the lesions, indicative of cotyledon senescence likely involving programmed cell death (PCD). However, expression of the distinct yellow halo symptom was not observed in all B. napus genotypes infected by one specific L. maculans isolate nor in one specific B. napus genotype challenged with all the isolates. We believe that this is the first report, i), showing the involvement of a distinct yellow halo (senescence/PCD) associated with both ‘typical’ lesions and with an expression of HR in cotyledons of winter-type B. napus genotypes challenged with L. maculans isolates and, ii), that expression of the distinct yellow halo is clearly dependent on the interaction between particular isolate virulence(s) x particular winter-type B. napus genotype combinations.

This study applied response surface methodology (RSM) to optimise process parameters for rum fermentation. The primary aim was to enhance ethanol productivity through refined molasses conditioning and fermentation. Polyacrylamide flocculants were evaluated for molasses clarification, identifying an optimised blend which significantly outperformed individual flocculants. Statistical analyses revealed Flopam AN 956 SH as the top performer based on settling behaviour and mud qualities. Mixture modelling exposed optimised flocculant formulations that outperformed individual flocculants, indicating synergistic interactions. A central composite design (CCD) systematically evaluated the effects of temperature, oxygenation, and nutrient supplementation on yeast growth kinetics. It determined that 5 ppm O2, 32.19 °C, and 2.5% nutrients maximised the specific growth rate at 0.39 h−1 and ethanol yield at 9.84% v/v. The models characterised interactions, revealing nutrient–oxygen synergies that stimulated metabolism. Overall, fermentation efficiency and assurance for ethanol yield were increased through comprehensive multi-scale optimisation utilising factorial designs, validated analytics, and quantitative strain characterisation.

Water-based nutrient injection technology, widely used in sectors like viticulture, hydroponics, and intensive animal systems, has previously seen limited application in livestock production. Early mechanical dispensers for nutrients, such as non-protein nitrogen (NPN) and phosphorus (P), were prone to malfunction, leading to inconsistent dosing and potential livestock health risks. This contributed to skepticism and slow adoption among producers. However, recent technological advancements have renewed interest in water-based supplementation for grazing animals. This case study assessed the use of water injection technology to deliver nutrients and a methane-reducing compound to cattle on a commercial cattle station under extensive grazing conditions. A total of 120 steers [initial liveweight (LW) 322.5 ± 28.3 kg] were assigned to three groups: water only (Control), a water supplement containing nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, known as uPRO GREEN® (Green), and uPRO GREEN® combined with Agolin Ruminant L® (Blue). The experiment lasted 90 days, during which LW was continuously monitored via a walk-over weighing system, and water disappearance was measured at the mob level. Methane emissions were forecasted using dry matter intake estimates based on observed animal growth rates. Additionally, 24 steers were equipped with on-animal sensors with GPS to monitor behavioral changes. The results indicate that despite the potential reduction in water intake (Control and Green: 948.1 and 973.5 L/d, respectively, versus 547.5 L/d for Blue), there were no negative effects on growth (mean average daily gain of 1.32 kg/d) or animal behaviors. The predicted methane emission of 209.04 g CH4/head/day could potentially be reduced by 10–15% with the compound used in the current trial. These findings suggest that water-based supplementation can be used to optimize nutrient delivery and a methane-reducing compound without compromising cattle productivity in extensive grazing environments. In addition, the potential enteric methane mitigation presents an opportunity for livestock producers to generate additional revenue through carbon credits or to create new markets for beef with low greenhouse gas emissions when cattle consume methane-reducing compounds.

Sesame is an emerging crop of interest in Australia and has attracted widespread interest due to the health-benefitting properties of its bioactive compounds, including fatty acids, lignans, and polyphenols. This study aimed to investigate the impact of drought stress on these bioactive compounds, using eleven cultivars of black sesame seeds grown in Australia. Specific varieties responded positively to water deficit (WD) conditions, showing increased levels of TPC, FRAP, CUPRAC, and lignans. Varieties 1, 4, 7, and 12 showed significantly increased FRAP values ranging from 158.02 ± 10.43 to 195.22 ± 9.63 mg TE/100 g DW in the WD treatment compared to the well-watered (WW) treatment, whereas varieties 7, 10, 12, 13, and 18 demonstrated the highest CUPRAC values of all varieties (2584.86 ± 99.68–2969.56 ± 159.72 mg TE/100 g) across both WW and WD conditions, with no significant variations between irrigation regimes. Moreover, lignan contents (sesamin and sesamolin) were higher in varieties 1, 2, 5, and 8 grown in WD conditions. Compared to the optimal unsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio (Σ UFA/Σ SFA ratio) of 0.45, all sesame genotypes showed superior ratios (ranging between 1.86 and 2.34). Moreover, the ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio varied from 33.7–65.5, with lower ratios in varieties 2, 4, 5, 8, and 18 under WD conditions. The high levels of phenolic compounds and healthy fats suggest the potential of black sesame to be incorporated into diets as a functional food. Furthermore, the enhanced phytochemistry of these cultivars in WD conditions is promising for widespread adoption. However, larger trial studies to confirm these findings across different geographic locations and seasons are warranted.

This journal retracts and removes the article titled, “Water-Based Supplementation Technology for Grazing Cattle in the Tropics: A Large-Scale Commercial Case Study” [...]

BackgroundMeasuring milestones, competencies, and sub-competencies as residents progress through a training program is an essential strategy in Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)’s attempts to ensure graduates meet expected professional standards. Previous studies have found, however, that physicians make global ratings often by using a single criterion.MethodsWe use advanced statistical analysis to extend these studies by examining the validity of ACGME International competency measures for an international setting, across emergency medicine (EM) and neurology, and across evaluators. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models were fitted to both EM and neurology data. A single-factor CFA was hypothesized to fit each dataset. This model was modified based on model fit indices. Differences in how different EM physicians perceived the core competencies were tested using a series of measurement invariance tests.ResultsExtremely high alpha reliability coefficients, factor coefficients (> .93), and item correlations indicated multicollinearity, that is, most items being evaluated could essentially replace the underlying construct itself. This was true for both EM and neurology data, as well as all six EM faculty.ConclusionsEvaluation forms measuring the six core ACGME competencies did not possess adequate validity. Severe multicollinearity exists for the six competencies in this study. ACGME is introducing milestones with 24 sub-competencies. Attempting to measure these as discrete elements, without recognizing the inherent weaknesses in the tools used will likely serve to exacerbate an already flawed strategy. Physicians likely use their “gut feelings” to judge a resident’s overall performance. A better process could be conceived in which this subjectivity is acknowledged, contributing to more meaningful evaluation and feedback.