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Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander) seeds have long been used as a traditional medicine and a spice worldwide. Despite its abundant use, bioactive properties of coriander seeds, correlated with the antioxidant and phenolic data, have not been fully studied systematically. This study evaluated the phenolic data, antioxidant capacity, and antibacterial activity of coriander seed extracts obtained using solvents of differing polarity. Higher total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity were observed in the polar extracts, while moderate and non-polar extracts possessed higher antibacterial activity. Acetone extract (Ace) had the highest antibacterial activity, with an inhibition zone diameter (IZD) of 16.2 ± 0.2 mm against B. subtilis, and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 1 and 2% (w/v), respectively. The MBC/MIC ratio between 1 and 4 was observed for the active extracts of coriander seeds, indicating their bactericidal behavior. The liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectroscopy (LC–MS/MS) system using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) targeted analysis identified 13 phenolic compounds: gallic acid, ellagic acid, gentisic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, o-coumaric acid, sinapinic acid, chlorogenic acid, salicylic acid, ferulic acid, rutin, trans-cinnamic acid, and quercetin. Quantitative differences were observed in the phenolic compounds across the different coriander seed extracts. The TPC was significantly (p ≤ 0.01) and positively correlated with cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) (r = 0.92), as well as with ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (r = 0.98); furthermore, it showed that the higher level of antioxidant capacity of the coriander seed extracts was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) associated with phenolic compounds such as gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, gentisic acid, ferulic acid, and rutin. However, antibacterial activity and phenolic/antioxidant content were negatively correlated, suggesting that non-polar compounds may impact antibacterial activity.

This study applied response surface methodology (RSM) to optimise process parameters for rum fermentation. The primary aim was to enhance ethanol productivity through refined molasses conditioning and fermentation. Polyacrylamide flocculants were evaluated for molasses clarification, identifying an optimised blend which significantly outperformed individual flocculants. Statistical analyses revealed Flopam AN 956 SH as the top performer based on settling behaviour and mud qualities. Mixture modelling exposed optimised flocculant formulations that outperformed individual flocculants, indicating synergistic interactions. A central composite design (CCD) systematically evaluated the effects of temperature, oxygenation, and nutrient supplementation on yeast growth kinetics. It determined that 5 ppm O2, 32.19 °C, and 2.5% nutrients maximised the specific growth rate at 0.39 h−1 and ethanol yield at 9.84% v/v. The models characterised interactions, revealing nutrient–oxygen synergies that stimulated metabolism. Overall, fermentation efficiency and assurance for ethanol yield were increased through comprehensive multi-scale optimisation utilising factorial designs, validated analytics, and quantitative strain characterisation.

Water-based nutrient injection technology, widely used in sectors like viticulture, hydroponics, and intensive animal systems, has previously seen limited application in livestock production. Early mechanical dispensers for nutrients, such as non-protein nitrogen (NPN) and phosphorus (P), were prone to malfunction, leading to inconsistent dosing and potential livestock health risks. This contributed to skepticism and slow adoption among producers. However, recent technological advancements have renewed interest in water-based supplementation for grazing animals. This case study assessed the use of water injection technology to deliver nutrients and a methane-reducing compound to cattle on a commercial cattle station under extensive grazing conditions. A total of 120 steers [initial liveweight (LW) 322.5 ± 28.3 kg] were assigned to three groups: water only (Control), a water supplement containing nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, known as uPRO GREEN® (Green), and uPRO GREEN® combined with Agolin Ruminant L® (Blue). The experiment lasted 90 days, during which LW was continuously monitored via a walk-over weighing system, and water disappearance was measured at the mob level. Methane emissions were forecasted using dry matter intake estimates based on observed animal growth rates. Additionally, 24 steers were equipped with on-animal sensors with GPS to monitor behavioral changes. The results indicate that despite the potential reduction in water intake (Control and Green: 948.1 and 973.5 L/d, respectively, versus 547.5 L/d for Blue), there were no negative effects on growth (mean average daily gain of 1.32 kg/d) or animal behaviors. The predicted methane emission of 209.04 g CH4/head/day could potentially be reduced by 10–15% with the compound used in the current trial. These findings suggest that water-based supplementation can be used to optimize nutrient delivery and a methane-reducing compound without compromising cattle productivity in extensive grazing environments. In addition, the potential enteric methane mitigation presents an opportunity for livestock producers to generate additional revenue through carbon credits or to create new markets for beef with low greenhouse gas emissions when cattle consume methane-reducing compounds.

Sesame is an emerging crop of interest in Australia and has attracted widespread interest due to the health-benefitting properties of its bioactive compounds, including fatty acids, lignans, and polyphenols. This study aimed to investigate the impact of drought stress on these bioactive compounds, using eleven cultivars of black sesame seeds grown in Australia. Specific varieties responded positively to water deficit (WD) conditions, showing increased levels of TPC, FRAP, CUPRAC, and lignans. Varieties 1, 4, 7, and 12 showed significantly increased FRAP values ranging from 158.02 ± 10.43 to 195.22 ± 9.63 mg TE/100 g DW in the WD treatment compared to the well-watered (WW) treatment, whereas varieties 7, 10, 12, 13, and 18 demonstrated the highest CUPRAC values of all varieties (2584.86 ± 99.68–2969.56 ± 159.72 mg TE/100 g) across both WW and WD conditions, with no significant variations between irrigation regimes. Moreover, lignan contents (sesamin and sesamolin) were higher in varieties 1, 2, 5, and 8 grown in WD conditions. Compared to the optimal unsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio (Σ UFA/Σ SFA ratio) of 0.45, all sesame genotypes showed superior ratios (ranging between 1.86 and 2.34). Moreover, the ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio varied from 33.7–65.5, with lower ratios in varieties 2, 4, 5, 8, and 18 under WD conditions. The high levels of phenolic compounds and healthy fats suggest the potential of black sesame to be incorporated into diets as a functional food. Furthermore, the enhanced phytochemistry of these cultivars in WD conditions is promising for widespread adoption. However, larger trial studies to confirm these findings across different geographic locations and seasons are warranted.

This journal retracts and removes the article titled, “Water-Based Supplementation Technology for Grazing Cattle in the Tropics: A Large-Scale Commercial Case Study” [...]

Adzuki bean has recently been proposed as a viable dual-purpose (grain-and-graze) crop for the Northern regions of Australia because of its successful use in semi-arid regions and its nitrogen fixation capacity to improve soil fertility and animal nutrition. However, there are very few studies on the phytochemical composition and nutritional value of the non-seed material. This study investigated the phenolic composition of the parts grown in the vegetative phase (leaves and stems) of nine Australian adzuki bean varieties for the first time. The total phenolic content (TPC) of the stem material (157–406 mg GAE/100 g) was 23–217% higher than that of commercial livestock feed, while the TPC of the leaf material (1158–1420 mg GAE/100 g) was 9–11 times higher. Using tandem liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), the major phenolic compounds identified were rutin, luteolin, salicylic acid, and quercetin-3-glucoside. The leaf and stem materials showed high levels of apparent in vitro dry matter digestibility, with no significant difference in total gas or methane production compared to lucerne hay. The results suggest that adzuki bean vegetative materials could be a high-value livestock fodder and support pursuing further in-depth studies into their nutritional value for livestock.

This study demonstrates the potential of water-based nutrient injection technology to optimize supplementation strategies in extensive grazing systems. Water-based nutrient injection technology, widely used in sectors like viticulture, hydroponics, and intensive animal systems, has previously seen limited application in livestock production. Early mechanical dispensers for nutrients, such as non-protein nitrogen (NPN) and phosphorus (P), were prone to malfunction, leading to inconsistent dosing and potential livestock health risks. This contributed to skepticism and slow adoption among producers. However, recent technological advancements have renewed interest in water-based supplementation for grazing animals. This case study assessed the use of water injection technology to deliver nutrients and a methane-reducing compound to cattle on a commercial cattle station under extensive grazing conditions. A total of 120 steers [initial liveweight (LW) 322.5 ± 28.3 kg] were assigned to three groups: water only (Control), a water supplement containing nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, known as uPRO GREEN[sup.®] (Green), and uPRO GREEN[sup.®] combined with Agolin Ruminant L[sup.®] (Blue). The experiment lasted 90 days, during which LW was continuously monitored via a walk-over weighing system, and water disappearance was measured at the mob level. Methane emissions were forecasted using dry matter intake estimates based on observed animal growth rates. Additionally, 24 steers were equipped with on-animal sensors with GPS to monitor behavioral changes. The results indicate that despite the potential reduction in water intake (Control and Green: 948.1 and 973.5 L/d, respectively, versus 547.5 L/d for Blue), there were no negative effects on growth (mean average daily gain of 1.32 kg/d) or animal behaviors. The predicted methane emission of 209.04 g CH[sub.4]/head/day could potentially be reduced by 10–15% with the compound used in the current trial. These findings suggest that water-based supplementation can be used to optimize nutrient delivery and a methane-reducing compound without compromising cattle productivity in extensive grazing environments. In addition, the potential enteric methane mitigation presents an opportunity for livestock producers to generate additional revenue through carbon credits or to create new markets for beef with low greenhouse gas emissions when cattle consume methane-reducing compounds.

The edible, endemic Australian species Alpinia caerulea belongs to the same family as ginger and turmeric. The rhizome and fruit have a mild ginger-like flavour, but there is very little information on its chemical composition or potential biological activities. This study found low levels of ascorbic acid in the fruit and fruit capsule (2.3–3.4 mg/100 g fresh weight), as well as detecting six polyphenols (rutin, quercetin-3-glucoside, quercetin, vanillic acid, kaempferol and chlorogenic acid) across all of the plant parts. The volatile profile of the rhizome was also explored for the first time. The volatiles were dominated (91.7%) by ( E )-8(17),12-labdadiene-15,16-dial, but included 20 other minor constituents; mainly monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Extracts showed no inhibitory activity against tyrosinase or cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), but moderate anti-acetylcholinesterase was found for the rhizome and stem extracts. Further investigation into A. caerulea and other species from this genus will help to elucidate their full nutritional and bioactive potential.

Background The wild stocks of Pinctada maxima pearl oysters found off the coast of northern Australia are of critical importance for the sustainability of Australia’s pearling industry. Locations inhabited by pearl oysters often have oil and gas reserves in the seafloor below and are therefore potentially subjected to seismic exploration surveys. The present study assessed the impact of a simulated commercial seismic survey on the transcriptome of pearl oysters. Animals were placed at seven distances (-1000, 0, 300, 500, 1000, 2000, and 6000 m) from the first of six operational seismic source sail lines. Vessel control groups were collected before the seismic survey started and exposed groups were collected after completion of six operational seismic sail lines (operated at varying distances over a four-day period). Samples from these groups were taken immediately and at 1, 3, and 6 months post-exposure. RNA-seq was used to identify candidate genes and pathways impacted by the seismic noise in pearl oyster mantle tissues. The quantified transcripts were compared using DESeq2 and pathway enrichment analysis was conducted using KEGG pathway, identifying differentially expressed genes and pathways associated with the seismic activity. Results The study revealed the highest gene expression and pathway dysregulation after four days of exposure and a month post-exposure. However, this dysregulation diminished after three months, with only oysters at -1000 and 0 m displaying differential gene expression and pathway disruption six months post-exposure. Stress-induced responses were evident and impacted energy production, transcription, translation, and protein synthesis. Conclusion Seismic activity impacted the gene expression and pathways of pearl oysters at distances up to 2000 m from the source after four days of exposure, and at distances up to 1000 m from the source one-month post-exposure. At three- and six-months post-exposure, gene and pathway dysregulations were mostly observed in oysters located closest to the seismic source at 0 and − 1000 m. Overall, our results suggest that oysters successfully activated stress responses to mitigate damage and maintain cellular homeostasis and growth in response to seismic noise exposure.