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Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) are among the primary economic resources for coastal communities, while have a positive impact on the economies of fisherman families that have lower to middle incomes. This research aims to determine the population structure of Crassostrea gigas that are distributed in the north-eastern waters of Aceh Province, Indonesia. Sampling occurred in 9 areas along the northeastern coast of Aceh Province, with 50 oysters gathered from each region. The total length, width, and height of the morphometric characteristics were measured using a digital caliper with an error margin of 0.01 mm. The morphometric data underwent statistical analysis, encompassing ANOVA, discriminant analysis, and closest neighbor analysis. Results revealed that all the morphometric characters of the oysters at the 9 sampling locations were significantly different (p < 0.05). The results of discriminant and nearest neighbor analysis showed two different populations of C. gigas in Aceh. Whereas one population of C. gigas was only found in Banda Aceh, the other one population could be found in 8 other regencies. Results of this population structure analysis reflect the environmental conditions of the sampling locations as well as the evolution patterns of C. gigas in Aceh Province. This study revealed that there are several populations of C. gigas in Aceh Province which indicate morphological variations related to the species' evolutionary process.

Abstract Hilsa shad Tenualosa ilisha, locally known as terebuk fish, is found in Labuhanbatu waters, Northern Sumatra, Indonesia. The population of this species has decreased significantly due to overexploitation. Despite its commercial importance, there is currently no information on the reproductive biology of this species in the region. This information is important for the development of sustainable fishing and conservation strategies. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the reproductive biology of T. ilisha in Labuhanbatu waters, Northern Sumatra, Indonesia. Observations were conducted for a year, from January to December 2019, in the Barumun River, Labuhanbatu Regency. Fish samples were caught using gill nets with three mesh sizes (2, 3, and 4 inches) operated by a boat. The samples were analyzed for sex, gonad development stage (GDS), gonadosomatic index (GSI), and fecundity. A total of 1,914 fish were recorded, including 1,428 (74.5%) males and 486 (25.4%) females. Samples with GDS III and IV were predominant among both males and females throughout the year. The highest GSI was recorded in January and March with values of 1.6% and 11.3%, respectively. The fecundity of female fish ranged from 81,450 to 245,267 eggs/fish, whereas the number of males was predominant in every month of sampling. Tenualosa ilisha spawns throughout the year, with the peak spawning season occurring from January to March. Strengthening the management implications of seasonal fishing bans during the spawning peak (January–March) may protect females. Resumo A sardinha Tenualosa ilisha, conhecida localmente como peixe terebuk, é encontrada nas águas de Labuhanbatu, Norte de Sumatra, Indonésia. A população dessa espécie diminuiu significativamente devido à sobre-exploração. Apesar de sua importância comercial, atualmente não há informações sobre a biologia reprodutiva dessa espécie na região. Essas informações são importantes para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de pesca sustentável e conservação. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo examinar a biologia reprodutiva de T. ilisha nas águas de Labuhanbatu, Norte de Sumatra, Indonésia. As observações foram realizadas ao longo de um ano, de janeiro a dezembro de 2019, no rio Barumun, Regência de Labuhanbatu. As amostras de peixes foram capturadas com redes de emalhar com três tamanhos de malha (2, 3 e 4 polegadas) operadas por uma embarcação. As amostras foram analisadas quanto ao sexo, estágio de desenvolvimento gonadal (GDS), índice gonadossomático (GSI) e fecundidade. Um total de 1.914 peixes foi registrado, incluindo 1.428 (74,5%) machos e 486 (25,4%) fêmeas. Amostras com GDS III e IV foram predominantes tanto entre machos quanto entre fêmeas ao longo do ano. Os maiores valores de GSI foram registrados em janeiro e março, com 1,6% e 11,3%, respectivamente. A fecundidade das fêmeas variou de 81.450 a 245.267 ovos/peixe, enquanto o número de machos foi predominante em todos os meses de amostragem. Tenualosa ilisha desova ao longo de todo o ano, com pico de desova entre janeiro e março. O fortalecimento das implicações de manejo, como a proibição sazonal da pesca durante o pico de desova (janeiro–março), pode proteger as fêmeas.

Abstract Betta dennisyongi and Betta rubra are ornamental fish native to Aceh waters, facing a decline in population due to overexploitation and environmental changes. Therefore, this research aimed to obtain information regarding the reproduction of B. dennisyongi and B. rubra. The study was conducted from January to December 2020, with B. dennisyongi and B. rubra samples collected from Nagan Raya Regency and Aceh Besar, respectively. Approximately 1,099 Betta fish samples were successfully collected, comprising 600 B. dennisyongi and 499 B. rubra. The results showed that sex ratio (male:female) analysis had 1:5 and 1:6 for B. dennisyongi and B. rubra, respectively, indicating a predominance of female. Further analysis showed that only 15% of female B. dennisyongi samples had mature gonads out of 505 and 3.7% of male among 95 B. dennisyongi. Female of B. dennisyongi showed first mature gonads at a size of 3.86 cm, while male had maturity at 3.99 cm. For B. rubra, only 11.1% of female and 26.9% of male samples showed mature gonads out of 432 and 67, respectively. Female of B. rubra first matured gonads at a size of 3.86 cm, while male had maturity at 3.90 cm. Reproductive analysis showed that both species were continuous spawners in the year, as indicated by mature gonads in each month of observation, with fluctuating percentages. The peak spawning period for B. dennisyongi occurred in October, while B. rubra was observed in January. Consequently, it was recommended not to catch these species during their spawning months to maintain the sustainability of these endangered species. Resumo Betta dennisyongi e Betta rubra são peixes ornamentais nativos das águas de Aceh, que enfrentam um declínio populacional devido à superexploração e mudanças ambientais. Portanto, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo obter informações sobre a reprodução dessas duas espécies. O estudo foi conduzido de janeiro a dezembro de 2020, com amostras de B. dennisyongi e B. rubra coletadas em Nagan Raya Regency e Aceh Besar, respectivamente. Aproximadamente 1.099 amostras de peixes Betta foram coletadas, compreendendo 600 B. dennisyongi e 499 B. rubra. Os resultados mostraram que a análise da proporção sexual (macho:fêmea) foi de 1:5 e 1:6 para B. dennisyongi e B. rubra, respectivamente, indicando uma predominância de fêmeas. Análises posteriores mostraram que apenas 15% das amostras de fêmeas de B. dennisyongi tinham gônadas maduras (de um total de 505), enquanto entre os 95 machos analisados, apenas 3,7% estavam sexualmente maduros. A fêmea de B. dennisyongi apresentou as primeiras gônadas maduras com um tamanho de 3,86 cm, enquanto o macho teve maturidade com 3,99 cm. Para B. rubra, apenas 11,1% das amostras de fêmeas e 26,9% dos machos apresentaram gônadas maduras de 432 e 67, respectivamente. A fêmea de B. rubra apresentou as primeiras gônadas maduras com um tamanho de 3,86 cm, enquanto o macho teve maturidade com 3,90 cm. A análise reprodutiva mostrou que ambas as espécies foram reprodutoras contínuas ao longo do ano, conforme indicado pelas gônadas maduras em cada mês de observação, com percentuais flutuantes. O pico do período de desova para B. dennisyongi ocorreu em outubro, enquanto o de B. rubra se deu em janeiro. Recomenda-se não capturar ambas as espécies durante os meses de desova, para manter a sustentabilidade dessas espécies ameaçadas.

The Betta broodfish supply in Indonesia majorly comes from wild populations and fetches a higher price compared to hatchery cross-breeds, especially Betta rubra. This condition exerts pressure on the wild populations. Therefore, this study aims to examine the diversity, distribution, and conservation status of Betta fish species list in the study area. A total of 422 Betta fishes were collected from January 2019 to January 2021 from 19 of 59 sampling locations surveyed, consisting of four species, namely, Betta imbellis (TL: 14.09-31.98 mm; BW: 0.03-0.39 g), B. splendens (TL: 21.09-40.14 mm; BW: 0.05-0.70 g), B. rubra (TL: 11.35 to 47.80 mm; BW: 0.02-0.90 g), and B. dennisyongi (TL: 20.09-47.81 mm; BW: 0.07-0.91 g). There are four Betta species occurred in Aceh waters, namely B. dennisyongi, B. rubra, B. splendens, and B. imbellis. The results showed that B. dennisyongi was found at 8 sampling locations and had higher local distribution (13.56% LD) followed by B. rubra (8.47% LD), B. splendens (6.78% LD) and B. imbellis which had the lowest distribution and was only found in two locations (3.39% LD). Furthermore, field measurements (in situ) of water quality in the wild habitat showed temperature ranging from 23.7 to 31.9°C while pH ranged from 5.24 to 8.51. Based on the IUCN Redlist data, B. rubra is categorized as being critically endangered.

Abstract The exploration of ichthyofauna in the peat swamp waters of East Kalimantan is interesting to discover, not only has it never been reported, the relocation of Indonesia’s capital city to East Kalimantan is predicted to change the diversity of ichthyofauna in peat swamp waters. Therefore, species identification, distribution, conservation status and potency of fish are important to study and provide valuable references in formulating conservation policies for aquatic ecosystems. The observation parameters carried out in this study include the index of Shannon-Wiener diversity, Simpson dominance, and Sorensen similarity. In addition, the identified fish species are grouped based on their conservation status and potency (consumption and ornamental commodities). A total of 33 fish species were identified at four sampling stations belonging to 8 orders and 15 families with a total of 163 samples. Cyprinidae is the dominant family found with 14 species (33%). A total of 73% of fish collected have potential for fish consumption, 15% of species have potential as ornamental and consumption fish, and 12% of species have potential as ornamental fish. The conservation status (IUCN) of fish in the peat swamp waters of East Kalimantan is divided into five categories: Data Deficient (4 species: 13%), Least Concern (25 species: 78%), Near Threatened (1 species: 3%), Endangered (1 species: 3%), and Extinct (1 species: 3%). The species that was declared extinct was Chitala lopis in early 2021, but interestingly the species was rediscovered in this study in its natural habitat.

The Leuser Ecosystem Area (LEA) is one of the largest conservation areas in Southeast Asia. However, the explorations of ichthyofauna at LEA are still relatively scarce compared to other vertebrates fauna. We report the first ichthyofauna studies of the northern river of LEA in Aceh Province. This study aimed to determine the composition, diversity, biometric condition, potency, and conservation status of freshwater fish in Merbau River, LEA, Indonesia. Fish sampling was carried out at six research stations using selective gill nets, throwing net, hook, tray net, and scoop net. A total of 434 individual fish belonging to 21 species, nine families and six orders were collected from the sampling location. Cyprinidae was the predominant family obtained, namely 42.9%. Based on their conservation status, 85.7% of collected fish were categorized as Least Concern, 9.5% as Data Deficient, and 4.8% as Near Threatened. A total of 14 fish have the potential as consumption fish, two species have the potential as ornamental fish, and five others have the potential both as consumption and ornamental fish. All fish species collected had negative allometric growth patterns with growth coefficient values (b) ranging from 1.17–2.51. The diversity and evenness index of fish was categorized as moderate (H’ = 2.52) with stable conditions (E = 0.85).

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) are one food source commonly consumed by the community and an important commodity with high economic value. Environmental issues, such as microplastics, have become a worldwide concern for its implications for aquatic organisms, especially oysters. This study aims to identify the microplastics and growth patterns of oysters in Aceh Province, Indonesia's north and east coasts. This study aims to determine which oysters are suitable for consumption and food health based on research locations along the east-north coast of Aceh Province. METHODS: The locations in this study include nine regencies/cities, which are directly facing the Malacca Straits. Microplastic isolation from oysters using 10 percent potassium hydroxide and incubation process were done to dissolve the organic materials. The growth pattern was analyzed to determine the growth rate of oysters at each study location. FINDINGS: The results of this study showed that oysters in all sampling locations were contaminated with microplastics, with a high prevalence of 48 percent found in Langsa, followed by Aceh Timur and Pidie each (40 percent), Banda Aceh (38 percent), Aceh Utara (32 percent), Aceh Besar and Bireun (30 percent), Lhokseumawe (12 percent), and Aceh Tamiang (8 percent). The analysis of the growth patterns revealed that the growth of oysters at each location was not optimal (b <3 or negative allometric). CONCLUSION: In 500 oyster samples collected, 139 were contaminated with microplastics. The most dominant type of microplastic contaminating oysters is fiber up to 170 particles, followed by films 28 particles, and fragments 19 particles. Negative allometric growth pattern might correlate with microplastics that contaminate the waters and enter the oyster's digestive organs. The results of this study reveal that oysters consumed by people have been contaminated with microplastics, so stakeholders must carry out socialization for early prevention to be realized.

Cephalopholis aurantia is one of the grouper species considered as the least concern (LC) based on the IUCN category. However, the data related to its biological features is limited. The present study’s objective was to study some biological aspects of the golden hind grouper harvested in the northern coast of Aceh. The fishes were collected from June - August 2020 in several fish landing sites (TPI) and fish market located in Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar district. In total, 24 fish specimens were collected in this study. All samples were small and young (between 103.1-240.0 mm TL and 60.6-267.5 g). In addition, all the collected fishes were female with the gonad maturity levels varied from stage I to stage IV with the gonad weight ranged from 0.01-2.00 gr. This study is providing baseline data of some biological aspects of the golden hind grouper that will be valuable in developing a practical fisheries management of the species.

Indonesia, which is the world's most populous Muslim-majority nation, Islamic education is not an alternative to secular education but compulsory to any Muslims learn the way of life. The two primary sources of the religion of Islam is the Quran and Hadith. These two are where the majority of the teachings come from. However, when looking for guidance, a Muslim often refers to Islamic scholars to interpret the verses and hadith for them and educate themselves on a topic. However, due to many circumstances, people could not meet and ask a scholar personally regarding Islamic jurisprudence. Chatbot is one of the solutions. Chatbot offers users new opportunities to improve the learning and engagement process, reducing the typical cost of face-to-face consultation. However, to train a chatbot on Islamic Jurisprudence, a text classifier is needed to build a strong knowledge base for the chatbot. This study adopted a standard methodology for building a text classification model. This study used 600 Islamic jurisprudence text data obtained from the books and the web written by an influential Islamic scholar named Ustadz Abdul Somad (UAS). Machine learning algorithms such as Bayesian Network and Naïve Bayes, were employed to classify the text data. Based on the experimental testing results, the Naïve Bayes algorithm is more accurate in all evaluation models, 84.25% using training set, and 76.54% using 10-Fold cross-validation. Meanwhile, the Bayesian Network algorithm is faster in terms of time taken on all evaluation models. Thus, it can be concluded that the text classification model using Naïve Bayes and String to Word Vector filter have the potential to be used effectively but still has plenty of room for improvement.

The objective of the present study was to examine the growth pattern and condition factors of the naleh fish, Barbonymus gonionotus Bleeker, 1849 in Nagan River, Nagan Raya District, Aceh Province, Indonesia. The sampling was conducted for 12 months from January 2016 to December 2016 using the explorative survey method. The sampling locations were determined based on the information given by local fishermen. A total of 761 fish samples were collected during the study. The Linear Allometric Model (LAM), Fulton’s and Relative Weight conditions factors were utilized to analyze the length-weight relationship and condition factor of the fish using growth parameters. The results showed that the highest coefficient of b was recorded in December, where the b value of males were 3.82 and 4.23 for the females with the average b value of males and females were 2.92 indicating an isometric growth pattern. The average Fulton’s condition factor (K) was 2.28 and the average Relative weight (Wr) condition factor was 100.59. It is concluded that fish had the isometric growth pattern and based on K and Wr value, the result implies that the waters are still in a good condition. Furthermore, the availability of food sources, low competitors, and low predators indicate that the aquatic environment is in a stable condition.