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"Baturin, Yuri"
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The Route of V-2 Technology Transfer from Germany to the USSR, and on to China
V-2 technology was transferred from Germany to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and then on to China. The USSR imitated the captured German V-2 rocket, and independently developed the R-2. Later, China imitated the R-2 rocket provided by the USSR, and independently developed the Dong Feng-2 (DF-2). The imitation or localization of foreign products is a key stage prior to independent development. Independent development of new models, in turn, is not only indicative of an upgrading of the transferred technology and the mastering of foreign technology, but also an illustration of innovation. Talent is the crucial resource on which technology transfer relies. The administrative system and domestic collaboration network required to coordinate the necessary tasks, including research, experimentation, design, and manufacture were established both in the USSR and in China.
Journal Article
A Glimpse of the Initial Conditions for the Development of Science and Technology and Soviet Specialists in the PRC: 1949-1955
This article aims to analyze the so-called “starting point” when modern scientific and technological successes in China were in their infancy, and to provide the reader with insight on how various challenges were overcome in their development. The period under review is 1949–1955. The information about this period was obtained from Soviet archives and special literature. The first part of the article describes the state of affairs in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in the early years of its formation, focusing on education, science, industry (including military), communications, and rail transport. The second part turns to the Soviet specialists working in the PRC during these years, focusing on their profession, number, cities of residence and living conditions. Issues regarding Chinese specialists’ internship in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) are also touched upon. The article selects several lesser-known areas in which professional competencies were established in this very weak post-war country to discover the origins of the most important science and technology in the contemporary PRC, thereby contributing to readers’ understanding of the initial conditions for the development of science and technology in China.
Journal Article
Plasma research at the limit
This book looks behind the scenes at the Plasma Crystal laboratory on the International Space Station (ISS) to see how science and research is carried out on the first physical science laboratory in space. As well as the background story of the ISS and the many scientific discoveries that were made, it focuses on the ups and downs on the route to success, and the people involved: the scientists, engineers, agency representatives, and, especially, the experimenters in space - the cosmonauts.
Complex plasma research is the other focal point of the book, and this field of science is at the forefront of modern physics. The unexpected applications of the research ranging from plasma medicine and hygiene to agriculture are amongst the fastest growing and most promising areas of research and development.
This book is written in such a way that it can be read by anyone curious about space, the ISS, research in space, cosmonauts, scientific endeavours and new discoveries. A DVD containing personal footage of the cosmonauts' work - their training, the experiment and at leisure on the space station - is included to enhance and supplement the text.
eBook
The Black Hole Explorer: Motivation and Vision
We present the Black Hole Explorer (BHEX), a mission that will produce the sharpest images in the history of astronomy by extending submillimeter Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) to space. BHEX will discover and measure the bright and narrow \"photon ring\" that is predicted to exist in images of black holes, produced from light that has orbited the black hole before escaping. This discovery will expose universal features of a black hole's spacetime that are distinct from the complex astrophysics of the emitting plasma, allowing the first direct measurements of a supermassive black hole's spin. In addition to studying the properties of the nearby supermassive black holes M87* and Sgr A*, BHEX will measure the properties of dozens of additional supermassive black holes, providing crucial insights into the processes that drive their creation and growth. BHEX will also connect these supermassive black holes to their relativistic jets, elucidating the power source for the brightest and most efficient engines in the universe. BHEX will address fundamental open questions in the physics and astrophysics of black holes that cannot be answered without submillimeter space VLBI. The mission is enabled by recent technological breakthroughs, including the development of ultra-high-speed downlink using laser communications, and it leverages billions of dollars of existing ground infrastructure. We present the motivation for BHEX, its science goals and associated requirements, and the pathway to launch within the next decade.
Paper