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The objective of this study is to determine the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ-TR) and to find the best cutoff score for Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) cases. Children between 6 to 18 years old with diagnoses of PDD, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) were included. The healthy control (HC) group was recruited from children who did not have any psychiatric complaints or history. Furthermore, parents of 268 children filled the ASSQ-TR. Of the children, 51 were PDD, 67 were ADHD, 50 were OCD, and 100 were HC. In order to show the reliability of the ASSQ-TR, Cronbach's alpha values and test-retest were evaluated. ROC analyses was carried out to show concurrent validity and to determine the cutoff score. The Cronbach's alpha of ASSQ-TR is 0,86, while the test-retest reliability is r: 0,98. Total ASSQ-TR scores of children with PDD (27,96±9,5) were significantly higher than other groups (p<0,001). ROC analysis of ASSQ-TR showed the area under curve to be 0,97 with a cutoff of 16, having the maximum sensitivity (94,1%), specificity (89,0%), and 90,7% diagnostic accuracy of PDD versus HC scores. Our pilot data showed that ASSQ-TR is a reliable instrument that successfully differentiates clinically diagnosed PDD from HC. This instrument might therefore be useful for the screening of PDD in school-aged children in Turkish populations.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Barkley Child Attention Scale (BCAS) for 6- to 12-year-old children. Method: This study was conducted with 291 children (of an age of 6-12 years) with a clinically normal level of intelligence and a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The structure validity of the scale was studied by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. In order to evaluate the measuredependent validity of the scale, Child Behavior Checklist for ages 6-18 and Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Questionnaire (SNAP-IV) parental form were used. Reliability of the scale was measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient Results: As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, the scale consists of two factors called \"daydreaming\" and \"sluggish,\" as is the case in its original form. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the fit indices of the scale were at an acceptable level. The correlation analysis study for the criterion-related validity study of the scale revealed that Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) had a positive correlation with ADHD-IN and internalization problems, a negative correlation with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder/hyperactivityimpulsivity (ADHD-HI), and no correlation with externalization problems. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the BCAS is 0.86 and the scale is seen to be reliable. Conclusion: It can be said that the BCAS is a valid and reliable scale that can measure sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms of 6- to 12-year-old children.

PANDAS (Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal infections) syndrome is a disorder seen before adolescence that possesses an abrupt onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms and/or tics. Swedo and colleagues defined this disorder in 1998 as a syndrome related to Group A streptoccoccus (GAS) infection with neurological issues, such as motor hyperactivation and choreiform movements. The progress of the disorder may be described as wax-and-waning, apart from abrupt onset, and this relapse and remission course is associated with exacerbating infections, according to the creators of PANDAS syndrome. Ruling out of Rheumatoid Fever and Sydenham's Chorea was a necessity for making a proper diagnosis. Since the recognition of this syndrome, clinicians encountered many children who could not fulfill all 5 criteria, which must be met for PANDAS diagnosis. In addition, due to literature showing failure and lack of strong evidence of a major role of GAS, the newly-defined categories PANS (Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome) and CANS (Childhood Acute Neuropsychiatric Syndrome) were created to encompass those of \"almost met\" non-PANDAS cases. PANS and CANS include concurrent significant psychiatric symptoms with abrupt onset of OCD symptoms and/or tics but do not require identification of any infection agent, immune dysfunction, or enviromental precipitants. In this paper, we aimed to discuss PANS/ CANS, alterations of PANDAS, and diagnoses in which \"almost met\" PANDAS patients should be classified on the basis of a case who developed an abrupt onset of anxiety, obsessions, and vocal tics.

Eating disorders are a growing health problem among adolescents and have increasingly become the focus of studies due to their prevalence. Both obesity and anorexia nervosa are associated maladaptive eating behaviours that may be relevant to development. With this case report, it is intended to discuss the diagnosis and management of a female adolescent patient, diagnosed with obesity and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A 16-year-old, female, obese adolescent was referred to our in-patient clinic due to maladaptive eating styles, depressive symptoms and ADHD symptoms. Her early course of illness, diagnostic process, treatment and short-term outcome are described. At the time of discharge, the patient’s Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale severity item score was 2 (borderline mentally ill) and CGI improvement item score was 2 (much improved). We report the present case with the purpose of establishing a pediatric approach to obesity, a disease not included in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5 under eating disorders, yet we believe it shares common underlying genetic and environmental causes.