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"Beًsikًci, Mehmet"
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The Ottoman mobilization of manpower in the First World War : between voluntarism and resistance
The Ottoman Mobilization of Manpower in the First World War examines how the Ottoman Empire tried to cope with the challenges of permanent mobilization and how this process reshaped state-society relations in 1914-1918, focusing mainly on Anatolia and the Muslim population.
eBook
One War, Multiple Memories
This article surveys Ottoman reserve officers’ autobiographical texts and emphasizes the potential these personal narratives present to revise both the existing historiog- raphy on the Ottoman First World War and the official memory of the war in Turkey. After briefly exploring the evolution of the Ottoman reserve officer system as an in- tegrated part of Ottoman conscription, the article shows how reserve officers’ war memories shed light on the neglected aspects of Ottoman soldiers’ experience of the front, particularly the daily life of trench warfare. Reserve officers’ personal narratives include critical observations and remarks about the Ottoman war experience, and the article discusses how these critical memories may be significant for the revision of the official narrative of the war in Turkey. Yet it also argues that as these personal nar- ratives are diverse, they do not present an all-embracing counter-narrative of disil- lusionment. The article also draws attention to the shaping effect of the context in which these autobiographies were written down and explores the organic ties between personal and collective memories of the Great War in Turkey.
Journal Article
The Ottoman Mobilization in the Balkan War
Any analysis of the Ottoman experience of the Balkan War from the new military history perspective has to start by placing the war in a proper context. The Balkan War of 1912–13¹ should be situated at the intersection of two interconnected processes in military history. The first phase had a local character and was somewhat unique to late Ottoman history: the Ottoman Balkan War was not an isolated event. It was a part of a longer war series, which has been called ‘the ten-year war period’. From the start of the Ottoman-Italian war in Libya in 1911 to the
Book Chapter
Askeri Modernlesme, Askeri Disiplin ve Din: Düzenli Kitle Ordulari Çaginda Osmanli Ordusu'nda Tabur Imamlari/Military Modernization, Military Discipline and Religion: The Battalion Imams in the Ottoman Army in the Age of Mass Standing Armies
This article deals with the subject-matter of battalion imams in the Ottoman army from the early 19th century through the end of the Ottoman Empire. Rather than causing a break between the military and the sphere of religion and ulema, the military modernization attempts actually shaped a new form of relationship between the two. The article focuses on the issue of military imams within the context of how the authoritarian-centralist state authority's desire to establish control over religion manifested itself in the military sphere. The article emphasizes that the role of the ulema who supported the political power was not all about legitimizing the military modernization attempts with an Islamic rhetoric; it argues that the battalion imams also played a crucial role in putting into practice the concepts of military discipline and obedience required by modern mass standing armies. In the light of archival documents, witness accounts, memoirs and relevant secondary literature, the article analyzes the evolution of the practice of employing imams in the military, the duties that were expected from them, the roles that they played during peacetimes and wartimes, and their daily lives in the army.
Journal Article