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Neptunia comprises 18 species for Australia and Malesia, including ten species newly named: N. heliophila A.R.Bean, N. hispida A.R.Bean, N. insignis A.R.Bean, N. longipila A.R.Bean, N. paucijuga A.R.Bean, N. proxima A.R.Bean, N. scutata A.R.Bean, N. tactilis A.R.Bean, N. valida A.R.Bean and N. xanthonema A.R.Bean. One taxon below species rank (N. amplexicaulis f. richmondii Windler) is also accepted. The distributions of all taxa are mapped, and all species are illustrated. Lectotypifications are provided for N. amplexicaulis Domin, N. dimorphantha Domin, N. gracilis Benth., N. javanica Miq. and N. monosperma F.Muell. ex Benth. Two identification keys are provided, one suited to flowering material and the other for fruiting material. A conservation status is suggested for N. insignis.

Melaleuca oblivia A.R.Bean and M. stenostachya subsp. amplior A.R.Bean are newly described, and M. nervosa subsp. crosslandiana (W.Fitzg.) Barlow ex Craven is reinstated. Distribution maps and illustrations are provided for all taxa discussed. An identification key for all Queensland members of the M. leucadendra group is included.

The genus Camptacra N.T.Burb. is taxonomically revised. Four species are recognised, including two newly named: C. perdita A.R.Bean and C. robusta A.R.Bean. A lectotype is chosen for Eurybia gracilis Benth. All species are fully described with notes on distribution (including maps), habitat and proposed conservation status. A key to the identification of all species is provided.

The broadly circumscribed Olearia elliptica DC. is taxonomically revised and two new species O. fulgens A.R.Bean sp. nov., and O. praetermissa (P.S.Green) A.R.Bean comb. et stat. nov. are recognised. All three species are fully described with an identification key and a distribution map provided. A lectotype is chosen for Olearia elliptica.

A morphological reassessment of specimens identified as Styphelia cuspidata (R.Br.) Spreng. (syn. Leucopogon cuspidatus R.Br.) has revealed the existence of three taxa that differ at species rank. In this paper, these three species, all endemic to Queensland, are described, compared and illustrated. Two new species, Styphelia cognata A.R.Bean and S. lucens A.R.Bean are named.

For the past 50 years, Dendrocnide cordata (Warb. ex H.J.P.Winkl.) Chew has been cited as being present in Queensland, Australia. Recent examination of specimens from Queensland and New Guinea reveals that all recorded Australian occurrences of D. cordata are referrable to either D. cordifolia (L.S.Sm.) Jackes & M.Hurley or D. moroides (Wedd.) Chew, and that D. cordata does not occur in Australia. A key to Dendrocnide in Australia is provided, together with taxonomic accounts and descriptions of D. cordata and D. moroides.

Ptilotus parviflorus (Lindl.) F.Muell., a species allied to P. obovatus (Gaudich.) F.Muell., is lectotypified and reinstated. The distinguishing morphological features of the two species are listed. Distribution maps and illustrations are provided for both species.

The genus Lagenophora Cass. is taxonomically revised for New Guinea with two species recognised. One (Lagenophora sporadica Jian Wang ter & A.R.Bean sp. nov.) is endemic to New Guinea and the other (L. sublyrata (Cass.) A.R.Bean & Jian Wang ter) is widespread in Asia, Australia and Malesia. The species are described and illustrated. Notes are provided on the distribution (including a map), habitat and phenology. An identification key is provided.

The genus Lagenophora Cass. is taxonomically revised for Australia with 12 species recognised from Western Australia, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory, Victoria and Tasmania. Nine species are endemic to Australia and three also occur elsewhere. Lagenophora adenosa Jian Wang ter & A.R.Bean and L. platysperma Jian Wang ter & A.R.Bean are newly described; L. gunniana Steetz and L. latifolia Hook.f. are reinstated; L. montana Hook.f. is newly recognised for South Australia; L. sublyrata (Cass.) A.R.Bean & Jian Wang ter is a new combination (based on Ixauchenus sublyratus Cass.); and L. gracilis Steetz is reinstated in its original (geographically restricted) sense. All of the 12 species are fully described and seven species are illustrated. Notes are provided on the Australian distribution of all species (including maps), habitat and proposed conservation status. Identification keys are provided for Australia and for each state.