Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
1,130
result(s) for
"Beasley, R"
Sort by:
Theory and design for mechanical measurements
\"The fifth edition of this market leading book provides mechanical engineers with the most up to date coverage of mechanical measurements. Sound theory is highlighted by rich and current practical examples. New chapter opening learning objectives and outcomes explore the critical concepts that will be discussed. New and revised examples and problems clearly show how the information is applied in the field. Expanded discussions are included on measurements, equipment, and basic metrology. The DFT concept presentation is now simplified. More pictures have also been added to make the material easier to learn. Mechanical engineers will then better understand the elements for the design of measurement systems and measurement test plans.\"--Publisher's website.
Book
Incarceration history and ethnic bias in hiring perceptions: An experimental test of intersectional bias & psychological mechanisms
This study seeks to better understand mechanisms of bias against formerly incarcerated and ethnically minoritized job applicants as well as the interactive effects of those two identities. In a sample of 358 hiring managers in the United States, the 2 (incarceration history) x 4 (ethnicity) experiment will manipulate incarceration history and ethnicity through job application materials, and measure hireability, and perception of job applicants along dimensions of sociability/warmth, competence, and morality. We will use a moderated mediation model to test hypotheses regarding a main effect of prior incarceration and an interaction effect of incarceration history and ethnicity on judgments of hireability, as well as whether such effects are mediated through perception of job applicants. We expect results to inform both research and practice related to employment practices.
Journal Article
Social media and living well
With each major technological shift, the question of well-being arises with new purpose. In this book, leading scholars in the philosophy and communication disciplines bring together their knowledge and expertise in an attempt to define what well-being means in this perpetually connected environment.
Book
Antibiotic treatment during infancy and increased body mass index in boys: an international cross-sectional study
Objective:
To investigate whether antibiotic exposure during the first year of life is associated with increased childhood body mass index (BMI).
Design:
Secondary analysis from a multi-centre, multi-country, cross-sectional study (The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase Three).
Subjects:
A total of 74 946 children from 31 centres in 18 countries contributed data on antibiotic use in the first 12 months of life and current BMI.
Methods:
Parents/guardians of children aged 5–8 years completed questionnaires that included questions about their children’s current height and weight, and whether in the child’s first 12 months of life, they had received any antibiotics, paracetamol, were breastfed or the mother/female guardian smoked cigarettes, and whether the child had wheezed in the past 12 months. A general linear mixed model was used to determine the association of antibiotic exposure with BMI, adjusting for age, sex, centre, BMI measurement type (self-reported or measured), maternal smoking, breastfeeding, paracetamol use, gross national income and current wheeze.
Results:
There was a significant interaction between sex and early-life antibiotic exposure. Early-life antibiotic exposure was associated with increased childhood BMI in boys (+0.107 kg m
−2
,
P
<0.0001), but not in girls (−0.008 kg m
−2
,
P
=0.75) after controlling for age, centre and BMI measurement type. The association remained in boys (+0.104 kg m
−2
,
P
<0.0007), after adjustment for maternal smoking, breastfeeding, paracetamol use and current wheeze. There was no interaction between age, maternal smoking, breastfeeding, paracetamol use, gross national income and current wheeze in the association between early antibiotic exposure and BMI.
Conclusions:
Exposure to antibiotics during the first 12 months of life is associated with a small increase in BMI in boys aged 5–8 years in this large international cross-sectional survey. By inference this provides additional support for the importance of gut microbiota in modulating the risk of obesity, with a sex-specific effect.
Journal Article
The role of citizen science in addressing grand challenges in food and agriculture research
The power of citizen science to contribute to both science and society is gaining increased recognition, particularly in physics and biology. Although there is a long history of public engagement in agriculture and food science, the term ‘citizen science’ has rarely been applied to these efforts. Similarly, in the emerging field of citizen science, most new citizen science projects do not focus on food or agriculture. Here, we convened thought leaders from a broad range of fields related to citizen science, agriculture, and food science to highlight key opportunities for bridging these overlapping yet disconnected communities/fields and identify ways to leverage their respective strengths. Specifically, we show that (i) citizen science projects are addressing many grand challenges facing our food systems, as outlined by the United States National Institute of Food and Agriculture, as well as broader Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations Development Programme, (ii) there exist emerging opportunities and unique challenges for citizen science in agriculture/food research, and (iii) the greatest opportunities for the development of citizen science projects in agriculture and food science will be gained by using the existing infrastructure and tools of Extension programmes and through the engagement of urban communities. Further, we argue there is no better time to foster greater collaboration between these fields given the trend of shrinking Extension programmes, the increasing need to apply innovative solutions to address rising demands on agricultural systems, and the exponential growth of the field of citizen science.
Journal Article
Global variation in the prevalence and severity of asthma symptoms: Phase Three of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)
Background:Phase Three of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) measured the global prevalence and severity of asthma symptoms in children.Methods:A cross-sectional questionnaire survey of 798 685 children aged 13–14 years from 233 centres in 97 countries, and 388 811 children aged 6–7 years from 144 centres in 61 countries, was conducted between 2000 and 2003 in >90% of the centres.Results:The prevalence of wheeze in the past 12 months (current wheeze) ranged from 0.8% in Tibet (China) to 32.6% in Wellington (New Zealand) in the 13–14 year olds, and from 2.4% in Jodhpur (India) to 37.6% in Costa Rica in the 6–7 year olds. The prevalence of symptoms of severe asthma, defined as ⩾4 attacks of wheeze or ⩾1 night per week sleep disturbance from wheeze or wheeze affecting speech in the past 12 months, ranged from 0.1% in Pune (India) to 16% in Costa Rica in the 13–14 year olds and from 0% to 20.3% in the same two centres, respectively, in the 6–7 year olds. Ecological economic analyses revealed a significant trend towards a higher prevalence of current wheeze in centres in higher income countries in both age groups, but this trend was reversed for the prevalence of severe symptoms among current wheezers, especially in the older age group.Conclusion:Wide variations exist in the symptom prevalence of childhood asthma worldwide. Although asthma symptoms tend to be more prevalent in more affluent countries, they appear to be more severe in less affluent countries.
Journal Article
Conservative versus Interventional Treatment for Spontaneous Pneumothorax
More than 250 patients with uncomplicated, primary spontaneous pneumothorax were treated conservatively or by pleural intervention. In a complete-case analysis, reexpansion within 8 weeks occurred in 98.5% of the patients in the intervention group and in 94.4% of those in the conservative-management group.
Journal Article
A novel TREX1 inhibitor, VB-85680, upregulates cellular interferon responses
Activation of the cGAS-STING pathway plays a key role in the innate immune response to cancer through Type-1 Interferon (IFN) production and T cell priming. Accumulation of cytosolic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) within tumor cells and dying cells is recognized by the DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) to create the secondary messenger cGAMP, which in turn activates STING (STimulator of INterferon Genes), resulting in the subsequent expression of IFN-related genes. This process is regulated by Three-prime Repair EXonuclease 1 (TREX1), a 3’ → 5’ exonuclease that degrades cytosolic dsDNA, thereby dampening activation of the cGAS-STING pathway, which in turn diminishes immunostimulatory IFN secretion. Here, we characterize the activity of VB-85680, a potent small-molecule inhibitor of TREX1. We first demonstrate that VB-85680 inhibits TREX1 exonuclease activity in vitro in lysates from both human and mouse cell lines. We then show that treatment of intact cells with VB-85680 results in activation of downstream STING signaling, and activation of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). THP1-Dual™ cells cultured under low-serum conditions exhibited an enhanced ISG response when treated with VB-85680 in combination with exogenous DNA. Collectively, these findings suggest the potential of a TREX1 exonuclease inhibitor to work in combination with agents that generate cytosolic DNA to enhance the acquisition of the anti-tumor immunity widely associated with STING pathway activation.
Journal Article
Strain-engineering Mott-insulating La2CuO4
The transition temperature
T
c
of unconventional superconductivity is often tunable. For a monolayer of FeSe, for example, the sweet spot is uniquely bound to titanium-oxide substrates. By contrast for La
2−x
Sr
x
CuO
4
thin films, such substrates are sub-optimal and the highest
T
c
is instead obtained using LaSrAlO
4
. An outstanding challenge is thus to understand the optimal conditions for superconductivity in thin films: which microscopic parameters drive the change in
T
c
and how can we tune them? Here we demonstrate, by a combination of x-ray absorption and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectroscopy, how the Coulomb and magnetic-exchange interaction of La
2
CuO
4
thin films can be enhanced by compressive strain. Our experiments and theoretical calculations establish that the substrate producing the largest
T
c
under doping also generates the largest nearest neighbour hopping integral, Coulomb and magnetic-exchange interaction. We hence suggest optimising the parent Mott state as a strategy for enhancing the superconducting transition temperature in cuprates.
The optimal condition for superconductivity is a long-sought issue but remains challenging. Here, Ivashko et al. demonstrate that the compressive strain to La
2
CuO
4
films enhances the Coulomb and magnetic-exchange interactions relevant for superconductivity, providing a strategy to optimise the parent Mott state for superconductivity.
Journal Article
Predator diversity, intraguild predation, and indirect effects drive parasite transmission
Significance Humans are altering biodiversity globally and infectious diseases are on the rise; thus, there is considerable interest in understanding how changes to biodiversity affect disease risk. We show that the diversity of predators that consume parasites was the best negative predictor of infections in frogs, suggesting that predation on parasites can be an important mechanism of disease reduction. Follow-up experiments, field data, and mathematical models revealed that intraguild predators, predators that consume both hosts and parasites, decrease macroparasite infections per host less than predators that only consume parasites, representing a general trait of predators that predicts their ability to reduce disease. Consequently, managing assemblages of non-intraguild and intraguild predators is an underutilized tool to minimize human and wildlife diseases.
Humans are altering biodiversity globally and infectious diseases are on the rise; thus, there is interest in understanding how changes to biodiversity affect disease. Here, we explore how predator diversity shapes parasite transmission. In a mesocosm experiment that manipulated predator (larval dragonflies and damselflies) density and diversity, non-intraguild (non-IG) predators that only consume free-living cercariae (parasitic trematodes) reduced metacercarial infections in tadpoles, whereas intraguild (IG) predators that consume both parasites and tadpole hosts did not. This likely occurred because IG predators reduced tadpole densities and anticercarial behaviors, increasing per capita exposure rates of the surviving tadpoles (i.e., via density- and trait-mediated effects) despite the consumption of parasites. A mathematical model demonstrated that non-IG predators reduce macroparasite infections, but IG predation weakens this “dilution effect” and can even amplify parasite burdens. Consistent with the experiment and model, a wetland survey revealed that the diversity of IG predators was unrelated to metacercarial burdens in amphibians, but the diversity of non-IG predators was negatively correlated with infections. These results are strikingly similar to generalities that have emerged from the predator diversity–pest biocontrol literature, suggesting that there may be general mechanisms for pest control and that biocontrol research might inform disease management and vice versa. In summary, we identified a general trait of predators—where they fall on an IG predation continuum—that predicts their ability to reduce infections and possibly pests in general. Consequently, managing assemblages of predators represents an underused tool for the management of human and wildlife diseases and pest populations.
Journal Article