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The author studies the interaction between the EHP sequence and the Goodwillie tower of the identity evaluated at spheres at the prime $2$. Both give rise to spectral sequences (the EHP spectral sequence and the Goodwillie spectral sequence, respectively) which compute the unstable homotopy groups of spheres. He relates the Goodwillie filtration to the $P$ map, and the Goodwillie differentials to the $H$ map. Furthermore, he studies an iterated Atiyah-Hirzebruch spectral sequence approach to the homotopy of the layers of the Goodwillie tower of the identity on spheres. He shows that differentials in these spectral sequences give rise to differentials in the EHP spectral sequence. He uses his theory to recompute the $2$-primary unstable stems through the Toda range (up to the $19$-stem). He also studies the homological behavior of the interaction between the EHP sequence and the Goodwillie tower of the identity. This homological analysis involves the introduction of Dyer-Lashof-like operations associated to M. Ching's operad structure on the derivatives of the identity. These operations act on the mod $2$ stable homology of the Goodwillie layers of any functor from spaces to spaces.

The authors apply a theorem of J. Lurie to produce cohomology theories associated to certain Shimura varieties of type $U(1,n-1)$. These cohomology theories of topological automorphic forms ($\\mathit{TAF}$) are related to Shimura varieties in the same way that $\\mathit{TMF}$ is related to the moduli space of elliptic curves. Table of Contents: $p$-divisible groups; The Honda-Tate classification; Tate modules and level structures; Polarizations; Forms and involutions; Shimura varieties of type $U(1,n-1)$; Deformation theory; Topological automorphic forms; Relationship to automorphic forms; Smooth $G$-spectra; Operation on $\\mathit{TAF}$; Buildings; Hypercohomology of adele groups; $K(n)$-local theory; Example: chromatic level $1$; Bibliography; Index. (MEMO/204/958)

A reliable and simple Agrobacterium -mediated transformation system for the unicellular green algae model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has been developed. The protocol has been successfully employed with both neomycin phosphotransferase II ( nptII ) and the phleomycin resistance ( bleI ) genes coupled with the selective agents paromomycin and zeocin, respectively. A set of binary vectors were assembled that carry the selectable marker cassettes under control either of the Rbcs2 alone or fused to the HSP270A leader sequence, PsaD, or ß-tubulin2 promoters. The corresponding T-DNA elements also harbored a cassette with a codon-optimized version of yellow fluorescence protein (YFP) under control of the Rbcs2 promoter in which the YFP open reading frame was interrupted with the first intron of Rbcs2 to prevent expression in Agrobacterium tumefaciens . The resultant binary vectors were introduced into A. tumefaciens strain C58C1/pMP90, and the derived transconjugants were used for transformation studies with the walled C. reinhardtii strain CC124. Estimated transformation frequencies ranged from 0.09 to 2.86 colonies per 10 6 cells inoculated. Molecular characterizations on a subset of the transgenic lineages revealed that most of the transgenic events harbored single locus insertions. Moreover, sequencing of captured junction fragments about the T-DNA insertion site showed that minimal disruption of the C. reinhardtii genome occurred. However, the transgenic lineages often harbored truncated T-DNA regions within the non-selectable marker gene cassettes.

The advent of biotechnology-derived, herbicide-resistant crops has revolutionized farming practices in many countries. Facile, highly effective, environmentally sound, and profitable weed control methods have been rapidly adopted by crop producers who value the benefits associated with biotechnology-derived weed management traits. But a rapid rise in the populations of several troublesome weeds that are tolerant or resistant to herbicides currently used in conjunction with herbicide-resistant crops may signify that the useful lifetime of these economically important weed management traits will be cut short. We describe the development of soybean and other broadleaf plant species resistant to dicamba, a widely used, inexpensive, and environmentally safe herbicide. The dicamba resistance technology will augment current herbicide resistance technologies and extend their effective lifetime. Attributes of both nuclear- and chloroplast-encoded dicamba resistance genes that affect the potency and expected durability of the herbicide resistance trait are examined.

We construct a natural transformation from the Bousfield-Kuhn functor evaluated on a space to the Topological André-Quillen cohomology of the K(n)-local Spanier–Whitehead dual of the space, and show that the map is an equivalence in the case where the space is a sphere. This results in a method for computing unstable vn-periodic homotopy groups of spheres from their Morava E-cohomology (as modules over the Dyer-Lashof algebra of Morava E-theory). We relate the resulting algebraic computations to the algebraic geometry of isogenies between Lubin–Tate formal groups.

Let EE be a kk-local profinite GG-Galois extension of an E∞E_\\infty-ring spectrum AA (in the sense of Rognes). We show that EE may be regarded as producing a discrete GG-spectrum. Also, we prove that if EE is a profaithful kk-local profinite extension which satisfies certain extra conditions, then the forward direction of Rognes’s Galois correspondence extends to the profinite setting. We show that the function spectrum FA((EhH)k,(EhK)k)F_A((E^{hH})_k, (E^{hK})_k) is equivalent to the localized homotopy fixed point spectrum ((E[[G/H]])hK)k((E[[G/H]])^{hK})_k, where HH and KK are closed subgroups of GG. Applications to Morava EE-theory are given, including showing that the homotopy fixed points defined by Devinatz and Hopkins for closed subgroups of the extended Morava stabilizer group agree with those defined with respect to a continuous action in terms of the derived functor of fixed points.

[...]defense interests are encouraging the Advisory Committee to move forward with a proposed FRCP amendment on this topic. Appellate review also has the potential to save substantial judicial resources in the long-term, even if the time it takes to review a potentially case-dispositive MDL ruling produces a short delay.55 Defense interests are urging the Advisory Committee to establish a clear process for interlocutory appellate review of a limited category of motions in MDL cases.56 Specific types of motions that might be encompassed by an MDL rule change include Daubert motions on general causation and preemption motions.57 The Committee could develop a path for interlocutory appellate review under several of the FRCP, such as an amendment to Rule 54 to include a provision defining \"judgment in cases consolidated pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §1407\" in a way that provides parties the ability to obtain appellate review of material rulings or a rule modeled after Rule 23(f) (interlocutory appeal of class certification orders), but that provides appeal as of right rather than as a matter of discretion.58 The MDL Subcommittee has studied the idea of developing a rule based on Rule 23(f) as well as 28 U.S.C. §1292(b) governing interlocutory decisions. 59The Sub-committee has looked at the Fairness in Class Action Litigation Act of 2017 as a source of possible language to incorporate into a rule change.60 The Act included a proposed amendment to the MDL statute with language similar to 28 U.S.C. §1292(b) that would have provided for an immediate appeal of orders that \"may materially advance the ultimate termination of the proceedings. C. Improper Joinder of Claims The leniency toward consolidation for pretrial purposes in the MDL system means that cases are often consolidated that would not meet the Rule 20 \"same transaction or occurrence\" test required for joining individual cases.62 Plaintiffs may seek to use the MDL process to join disparate claims for a variety of reasons, such as packaging together unrelated claims where individuals cannot specify which product allegedly caused their injury63 or joining claims to avoid paying separate court filing fees.64 To curb mis-joinder, defense interests have recommended amending Rule 20 to establish a uniform standard for determining whether plaintiffs in an MDL proceeding should be joined or must file a separate complaint.65 The MDL Subcommittee's initial interest in this topic appears to have centered on the potential circumvention of court filing fees.66 Researchers from the Federal Judicial Center examined some 70,000 cases filed in MDL proceedings on behalf of more than 90,000 plaintiffs and found no clear evidence of widespread abuse. 67The Subcommittee determined that although it \"appears filing fees are regularly being charged individually,\" the degree of \"unfounded claims is presently unknown. \"86 Burford reported a $3.2 billion TPLF investment portfolio in 2018.87 There are at least 30 other dedicated litigation funders.88 Businesses and defense bar interests are concerned that TPLF may lead to speculative litigation, fuel mass torts, and both frustrate and increase the cost of settlements.89 Because such agreements may entitle the TPLF firm to \"first cut\" of any litigation proceeds, claimants may reject an otherwise acceptable settlement out of concern they will receive little or no recovery after the funder takes its share. 90Civil justice organizations have also argued that the lack of transparency regarding TPLF agreements makes it difficult to police ethical violations and conflicts of interest.91 The main proposal under consideration by the Advisory Committee would amend Rule 26(a) to include an additional initial disclosure requirement that would cover any TPLF agreement.92 In 2014, the Committee considered a similar amendment, but it was not acted upon.93 The explosive growth of TPLF has prompted the Committee to revisit the topic.94 The Committee is \"looking at this issue through the MDL prism,\" but appreciates that TPLF \"is not a discrete MDL issue\" and that a rule governing all cases may be appropriate.95 As with developing possible solutions to address early vetting and interlocutory appeals in MDL cases, the Subcommittee has looked to proposed federal legislation as a resource. 96The Subcommittee has reviewed provisions of the Litigation Funding Transparency Act of 2019, which would amend the MDL statute to require claimants to disclose \"the identity of any commercial enterprise . . . that has a right to receive payment that is contingent on the receipt of monetary relief in the civil action\" and produce TPLF agreements for inspection and copying.97 Language proposed by the U.S. Chamber ILR has similarly recommended disclosure of any agreement under which any person other than the attorney representing the party \"has a right to receive compensation that is contingent on, and sourced from, any proceeds of the civil action.

Mass claims pressured \"most of the lead defendants and scores of other companies\" into bankruptcy, including virtually all manufacturers of asbestos-containing thermal insulation, such as Johns-Manville Corp. 9 In bankruptcy, these companies created scores of trusts that collectively hold billions of dollars to pay asbestos claimants with injuries as a result of exposure to their products. 10 Each trust reflects a company that exited the tort system in bankruptcy. 11 Filing a trust claim is much easier and faster than bringing a lawsuit. 12 To recover from an asbestos trust, a claimant files a short claim form with documentation evidencing asbestos exposure attributable to the trust's predecessor and medical records for the disease being claimed. 13 If a trust determines that a claim meets the criteria required for payment, the trust will make an offer based on a percentage of the \"scheduled value\" for the alleged injury, as set forth on a grid. 18 By delaying the filing of trust claims until after an asbestos-related personal injury case settles or is tried to a verdict, plaintiffs can suppress evidence of trust-related exposures and thwart efforts by solvent defendants to apportion fault to bankrupt entities or obtain set-offs, resulting in \"double dipping\" by plaintiffs. 19 Further, tort plaintiffs have alleged asbestos exposures that are inconsistent with claims later submitted to asbestos trusts. 20 These concerns came to the fore in Garlock's bankruptcy. 21 Historically, Garlock was a relatively small player in the asbestos tort system and \"very successful in settling (and rarely trying)\" lawsuits filed against it. 22 After virtually all asbestos-containing thermal insulation defendants exited the tort system by the early 2000s, Garlock and other formerly peripheral defendants became a \"focus of plaintiffs' attention\" because the companies were still solvent. 23 In this new environment, Garlock faced challenges defending itself because \"evidence of plaintiffs' exposure to other asbestos products often disappeared.\" Statement of Interest Filed The same day the Department wrote the state attorneys general, it filed perhaps its first ever Statement of Interest in an asbestosrelated bankruptcy proceeding. 44 The Department told a North Carolina federal bankruptcy court that plans for creation of a trust to resolve the asbestos-related liabilities of Kaiser Gypsum Company and Hanson Permanente Cement, Inc. are \"lack[ing] sufficient safeguards to prevent fraud, abuse, or mismanagement and to ensure that the interests of the United States will be protected.\" 54 RAND has reported that individuals and law firms that play a lead role in multiple trust advisory committees (TAC) also represent claimants against the trusts. 55 RAND explains the importance of these TACs: Trusts are governed by trustees, who operate the trust for the benefit of claimants. Because trusts often have hundreds of thousands of beneficiaries who cannot directly control the trustees, committees are set up to represent the interests of current and future claimants.