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"Bell, Duncan"
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The idea of greater Britain : empire and the future of world order, 1860-1900
Exploring attitudes toward the state, race, space, nationality and empire, as well as highlighting the vital theoretical functions played by visions of Greece, Rome and the United States, Bell illuminates important aspects of late-Victorian political thought and intellectual life.
Book
The idea of greater britain
During the tumultuous closing decades of the nineteenth century, as the prospect of democracy loomed and as intensified global economic and strategic competition reshaped the political imagination, British thinkers grappled with the question of how best to organize the empire. Many found an answer to the anxieties of the age in the idea of Greater Britain, a union of the United Kingdom and its settler colonies in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and southern Africa. In The Idea of Greater Britain, Duncan Bell analyzes this fertile yet neglected debate, examining how a wide range of thinkers conceived of this vast \"Anglo-Saxon\" political community. Their proposals ranged from the fantastically ambitious--creating a globe-spanning nation-state--to the practical and mundane--reinforcing existing ties between the colonies and Britain. But all of these ideas were motivated by the disquiet generated by democracy, by challenges to British global supremacy, and by new possibilities for global cooperation and communication that anticipated today's globalization debates. Exploring attitudes toward the state, race, space, nationality, and empire, as well as highlighting the vital theoretical functions played by visions of Greece, Rome, and the United States, Bell illuminates important aspects of late-Victorian political thought and intellectual life.
eBook
Empire, race and global justice
\"Abject poverty. Yawning inequality, political, economic, and social. Human rights and their systematic abuse. Nationality, sovereignty, citizenship. The identification of historical injustices and their possible rectification. Migration flows and border politics. The legitimation, conduct, and cessation of war. Terrorism, terror, territory. Democracy beyond and between states. All of these topics and more are addressed in contemporary debates over global justice. They have motivated activism, spawning social movements, political protest, and legal campaigns. They are debated across a range of academic disciplines and discourses: sociologists, International Relations (IR) scholars, geographers, anthropologists, economists, and historians, have contributed important work on the subject. In political theory, global justice has been a core topic at least since the end of the cold war, its meaning, scope, and policy implications contested by groups of egalitarian cosmopolitans, libertarians, liberal nationalists, and statists, among others. The importance of the subject shows no sign of waning\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
What Is Liberalism?
Liberalism is a term employed in a dizzying variety of ways in political thought and social science. This essay challenges how the liberal tradition is typically understood. I start by delineating different types of response—prescriptive, comprehensive, explanatory—that are frequently conflated in answering the question \"what is liberalism?\" I then discuss assorted methodological strategies employed in the existing literature: after rejecting \"stipulative\" and \"canonical\" approaches, I outline a contextualist alternative. Liberalism, on this (comprehensive) account, is best characterised as the sum of the arguments that have been classified as liberal, and recognised as such by other self-proclaimed liberals, over time and space. In the remainder of the article, I present an historical analysis of shifts in the meaning of liberalism in Anglo-American political thought between 1850 and 1950, focusing in particular on how Locke came to be characterised as a liberal. I argue that the scope of the liberal traditionexpanded during the middle decades of the twentieth century, such that it came to be seen by many as the constitutive ideology of the West. This capacious (and deeply confusing) understanding of liberalism was a product of the ideological wars fought against \"totalitarianism\" and assorted developments in the social sciences. Today we both inherit and inhabit it.
Journal Article
Exposure of Insects to Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields from 2 to 120 GHz
Insects are continually exposed to Radio-Frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields at different frequencies. The range of frequencies used for wireless telecommunication systems will increase in the near future from below 6 GHz (2 G, 3 G, 4 G, and WiFi) to frequencies up to 120 GHz (5 G). This paper is the first to report the absorbed RF electromagnetic power in four different types of insects as a function of frequency from 2 GHz to 120 GHz. A set of insect models was obtained using novel Micro-CT (computer tomography) imaging. These models were used for the first time in finite-difference time-domain electromagnetic simulations. All insects showed a dependence of the absorbed power on the frequency. All insects showed a general increase in absorbed RF power at and above 6 GHz, in comparison to the absorbed RF power below 6 GHz. Our simulations showed that a shift of 10% of the incident power density to frequencies above 6 GHz would lead to an increase in absorbed power between 3–370%.
Journal Article
الفكر السياسي والعلاقات الدولية : تنويعات على أوتار واقعية
يتناول كتاب (الفكر السياسي والعلاقات الدولية) والذي قام بتأليفه (دنكان بل) في حوالي (430) صفحة من القطع المتوسط موضوع (فلسفة العلوم السياسية) مستعرضا المحتويات التالية : الفصل الأول : تقديم تحت سماء خالية الواقعية والنظرية السياسة، الفصل الثاني : قدماء اليونان والواقعية الحديثة، الأخلاق، الإقناع، السلطة، الفصل الثالث : فرصة نظرية ضائعة؟، الفصل الرابع : هانس جي مورغنتاو والتركة الموروثة عن ماكس فيبر، الفصل الخامس : هانس جي مورغنتاو مقابل إى اتش كار، الفصل السادس : البعد الأخلاقي للواقع في حنه آرندت، الفصل السابع : نحو واقعية سياسية أكثر اتصافا بالنزعة التأملية، الفصل الثامن : الحوار الخفي للواقعية ليوشتراوس، الحرب، والسياسة، الفصل التاسع : الواقعية المتشائمة والتشاؤم الواقعي.
Book
J. G. Ballard’s Surrealist Liberalism
J. G. Ballard was one of the most original writers of the postwar era. Although he has drawn considerable attention from scholars across various fields, the character of his political thinking remains a puzzle. He has been claimed as both a radical and a conservative, while others suggest that his work expresses no distinct political stance. Drawing on a wide range of source materials, I argue that from the 1960s to the early years of the twenty-first century Ballard developed a bold and intriguing account of liberalism grounded in insights drawn from surrealism and Freudian psychoanalysis. This was an idiosyncratic version of the liberalism of fear. The essay analyzes Ballard’s sociopolitical vision, focusing in particular on his account of human nature, social reality, totalitarianism, and the power of the imagination.
Journal Article
Behaviour and reproduction of Drosophila melanogaster exposed to 3.6 GHz radio-frequency electromagnetic fields
Insects are exposed to radio-frequency electromagnetic fields emitted by wireless telecommunication networks. A part of these fields will be absorbed by these insects. This absorption might have biological effects, depending on the amount of absorbed power. It is currently unknown at what level of absorption this might occur. To investigate this, we used RF dosimetry of adult Drosophila melanogaster flies, which we combined with two assays studying the locomotor activity and fecundity of D. melanogaster exposed to electromagnetic fields at 3.6 GHz. To perform dosimetry, we created a 3D digital twin of an adult fly using micro-CT scans of a female D. melanogaster. We used this model in numerical EM simulations to estimate the absorbed power in the fly as a function of RF frequency in the far field of an antenna and during the two experimental assays at 3.6 GHz. In the behavioural experiments, no effects were found on the locomotor activity for a 5-day exposure to RF field values between 5.4 and 9 V/m, which correspond to 3.56 nW to 9.88 nW absorbed power. We also did not find any effects on fecundity, at an absorption level of 1.91 mW for 48h at 3.6 GHz. In our future work, we aim to investigate possible exposure effects at higher frequencies and exposures, and for immature stages.
Journal Article
Founding the World State
Herbert George Wells was one of the leading public intellectuals of the first half of the twentieth century. Most famous today as a founder of modern science fiction, he was once known throughout the world as a visionary social and political thinker. Questions of global order occupied a central place in his work. From the opening decade of the century until the close of the Second World War, he campaigned tirelessly for the creation of a world state, which would act as a guarantor of universal peace and justice. Yet, scholarship on Wells pays insufficient attention to the complex and conflicted nature of Wells’s early views about how to build a world state. In particular, it neglects the tensions between his advocacy of a New Republic, formed by the unification of the English-speaking peoples, and his support for liberal imperialism. I analyze the development of this theme in Wells’s political thinking during the years before WWI, a formative period in his intellectual life. I demonstrate how his conceptions of race, empire, and Anglo-American union shifted over time, show how his political arguments connected to his underlying views about social explanation and language, and highlight how his interpretation of the United States profoundly influenced his ideas about world order.
Journal Article