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"Bellini, Andrea"
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Rileggere “Class Counts” di Erik Olin Wright: attualità di un classico contemporaneo del marxismo scientifico
Two years after Erik Olin Wright’s death, this article rereads one of his most famous works, Class Counts. This book, published in 1997, can be considered at the same time a contemporary classic of scientific Marxism and the manifest of neo-Marxist class analysis. The objectives of the article are manifold. Firstly, it contextualizes the author’s theoretical contribution in his biography, emphasizing his complicated relationship with sociology as a Marxist. Then, it focuses on the book’s specific contribution in terms of conceptual work, also looking at the theoretical implications of the empirical results. Finally, it reflects on the resilience of the heuristic capacity of Wright’s categories to understand social inequalities in contemporary society.
Journal Article
Relativistic deflection of background starlight measures the mass of a nearby white dwarf star
Gravitational deflection of starlight around the Sun during the 1919 total solar eclipse provided measurements that confirmed Einstein’s general theory of relativity. We have used the Hubble Space Telescope to measure the analogous process of astrometric microlensing caused by a nearby star, the white dwarf Stein 2051 B. As Stein 2051 B passed closely in front of a background star, the background star’s position was deflected. Measurement of this deflection at multiple epochs allowed us to determine the mass of Stein 2051 B—the sixth-nearest white dwarf to the Sun—as 0.675 ± 0.051 solar masses. This mass determination provides confirmation of the physics of degenerate matter and lends support to white dwarf evolutionary theory.
Journal Article
Galactic Globular Clusters: A new catalog of masses, structural parameters, velocity dispersion profiles, proper motions and space orbits
We collected radial velocities of more than 50.000 individual stars in 156 Galactic globular clusters (GGC) and matched them with HST photometry and Gaia DR2 proper motions. This allowed us to derive the GGC’s mean proper motions and space velocities. By fitting a large set of N-body simulations to their velocity dispersion and surface density profiles, combined with new measurements of their internal radially dependent mass functions, we have determined their present-day masses and structural parameters, and for 144 GGCs their internal kinematics. We also derive the initial cluster masses by calculating the cluster orbits backwards in time applying suitable recipes to account for mass-loss and dynamical friction. The new fundamental parameters of GGCs are publicly available via an online database, which will regularly be updated.
Journal Article
The relaunch of regional social dialogue in Poland : how politics shaped institutions, and how institutions are likely to shape social change
This article, inspired by the recent restructuring of social dialogue in Poland, reflects on the role played by neo-corporatist institutions in the country, with specific reference to their capacity (or not) to influence the approach, contents and implementation of labour policies and, therefore, affect social change. For this purpose, it presents the findings of a case study focused on the sub-national level of regulation and conducted in the region of Lower Silesia, within the framework of the Airmulp project. The analysis - which relies on mixed methods, including the analysis of statistical data, the review of official documents, and interviews with key informants - reveals that regional social dialogue is not likely to produce substantial outcomes and is, most feasibly, a means for building consensus on neo-liberal policies from the bottom up.
Journal Article
Lawyers in a Blocked Society. Career Expectations and Determinants of Professional Success in the Italian Legal Labour Market
This article focuses on the changing conditions of Italian lawyers, starting from the widespread idea - here assumed as a general hypothesis - of the law profession that, in many cases, could be a way out for people with unfulfilled career expectations. In detail, a brief introduction situates the increase in the number of lawyers in the context of an economy with a low capacity to create high-education jobs, while the first section highlights the segmentation of the legal labour market. The second section then examines the relationship between initial career expectations and professional success, also paying attention to social origins as a determinant of success or failure. Furthermore, it attempts to typify and understand different choice patterns. For these purposes, the author presents selected findings of a study on lawyers based in Florence.
Journal Article
Professions Within, Between and Beyond : Varieties of Professionalism in a Globalising World
This article introduces the monographic section on the varieties of professionalism in a globalising world. The monographic section aims to explore new theoretical perspectives and analytical approaches in the field of the sociology of professions, by collecting both theoretical and empirical contributions focusing on different professions (either established or emerging ones) and topics, from different geographical regions. In the first part of this introductory article, we discuss professionalism as a concept that needs to be theoretically redefined in the context of post-industrial society after the crisis. For this purpose, we propose to refocus the discourse about professionalism on the process of differentiation and the increasing heterogeneity it is bringing about, within and between professional groups. Additionally, the changed societal conditions imply a changing role for professionals in society, beyond professionalism, which is an area worth being explored. Thus, we outline possible developments of the academic debate in three main analytical dimensions, labelled as within, between and beyond. The second part charts the nine contributions included in the monographic section, while trying to reconduct them to the dimensions mentioned above. Three orders of themes have thus been identified, concerning: (1) the redefinition of the concept of professionalism as a “practice”, highlighting the practicality of the wisdom used by professionals in performing their everyday tasks; (2) the analysis of regulation processes, focusing on what happens when institutions shape professionalism; and (3) the investigation of the dynamics of transnational mobility, in the context of globalisation processes
Journal Article
Not only Riders. The Uncertain Boundaries of Digital Creative Work as a Frontier for Emerging Actors in Interest Representation
Platform work rarely is an exclusive job. On the contrary, it often coexists with various types of self-employment, usually offline, as a secondary activity and source of additional income. This is the case with many creative workers that are exposed to job and income discontinuity, to which they frequently respond by holding multiple jobs. Several studies have shown how work fragmentation acts as a barrier to collective action. On the other hand, a few innovative trajectories are being shaped among trade unions and 'bottom-up' organisations. This article explores emerging forms of interest representation, focusing on mutual-aid cooperatives and professional associations of graphic and web designers, working off and on platform, in Italy and the Netherlands. It analyses their logics of action and strategies. To do so, it presents the findings of two research projects conducted between 2016 and 2018.
Journal Article
Landscape conflicts and the making of contemporary European societies : a dialogue with Olaf Kühne
This article reflects on the ways “landscape conflicts” are likely to shape contemporary European societies. Based on an interview with Olaf Kühne, a German geographer with a strong background in sociology, the article first outlines the underlying theoretical framework, drawing on social constructivism and Dahrendorf’s conflict theory. The load-bearing axis is the idea that landscape is a social construction and, as such, constitutes a source of conflict. Conflicts basically revolve around an emerging “environmental dilemma” concerning the ostensible necessity of choosing between the energy transition and landscape conservation. However, these should be seen as “productive” conflicts in that they serve to foster social progress. The authors then reflect on the role nation-states and the European Union play in enacting regulation as part of landscape governance.
Journal Article
Britain and the EU : a broken relationship : an interview with Colin Crouch
Bellini interviews Professor Colin Crouch regarding the relationship between Britain and the European Union. Among other things, Crouch talks about the immigration crisis in Europe, Brexit referendum and the growing political and social tensions brought by a world economic downturn.
Journal Article