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Mesenchymal hamartoma (MH) is a benign liver tumor accounting for 3% to 8% of all liver tumors in children, commonly manifesting before 3 years of life. Distinguishing MH from hepatoblastoma and other liver tumors relies on imaging and alpha-fetoprotein (which is usually within normal range in MH), before histologic examination. We report a case of a hepatic MH associated with elevated alpha-fetoprotein, leading to a misdiagnosis of hepatoblastoma and the administration of chemotherapy. We draw the attention to the diagnostic difficulty and pitfalls related to alpha-fetoprotein elevation in the setting of a liver tumor, and we highlight the importance of imaging and histology in establishing the diagnosis.

This study evaluates the efficacy of various scalp reconstruction techniques in pediatric patients, with a focus on tissue expansion. We retrospectively analyzed 26 cases of scalp defects in children treated at our institution. The most common causes were burn injuries (65.4%), followed by road traffic accidents (19.2%). Tissue expansion was the primary reconstruction method, with satisfactory outcomes in most cases. Complications were observed in 23% of cases, predominantly related to the expansion process. Our results suggest that tissue expansion is a reliable method for pediatric scalp reconstruction, offering good esthetic results with manageable complications.

Juvenile fibroadenoma (JF) is a rare benign breast tumor that predominantly occurs in adolescent and young adult females. However, its occurrence in prepubertal girls is exceedingly rare and poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We present a case of a six-year-old girl with a rapidly growing breast mass, ultimately diagnosed as juvenile fibroadenoma. This case highlights the importance of considering JF in the differential diagnosis of breast masses in pediatric patients, even in very young children. The clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and management of JF are discussed, along with a review of the literature to provide insights into this rare condition.

This study examines the role of talectomy in the management of arthrogrypotic clubfoot in children, based on 26 cases collected over a 12-year period at Rabat Children’s Hospital. The patients, with an average age of 2 years (SD ± 1.2), underwent talectomy as a primary or salvage procedure. The results showed that talectomy achieved a plantigrade, shoeable, and pain-free foot in 81% of cases (95% CI: 65.6%-96.4%), with a 19% recurrence rate (95% CI: 3.6%-34.4%). Multivariate analysis revealed that age at surgery (P = .032) and pre-operative Pirani score (P = .018) were significant predictors of outcome. This research suggests talectomy as a viable option for severe arthrogrypotic clubfoot, while highlighting the need for careful patient selection and close post-operative follow-up to optimize long-term outcomes.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by bone fragility and reduced bone mass. This retrospective study analyzed 42 cases of OI treated at the pediatric traumatology and orthopedics department over a 13-year period. The study aimed to examine the clinical and radiological aspects associated with osteosynthesis, particularly telescopic nailing, in these patients. Patients were grouped by treatment type, and outcomes, including fracture frequency, deformity recurrence, need for reintervention, and functional status, were compared. Results showed that telescopic nailing significantly reduced the number of fractures, deformities, and reinterventions compared to traditional rodding techniques. The study concludes that telescopic nails are beneficial in preventing deformities and fractures while allowing normal growth, making them the preferred method for managing patients with OI.

Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another (FDIA), formerly known as Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy, is a complex psychiatric condition that is underdiagnosed and under-identified in which a caregiver fabricates or induces illness in another person, typically a dependent, to gain attention or sympathy. This article presents a detailed case report that highlights the diagnostic challenges and ethical considerations associated with FDIA. The report discusses the clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and management strategies while emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach. Insights into the psychological motives behind FDIA and its impact on victims are also explored. This case aims to contribute to the growing body of literature on FDIA and raise awareness among healthcare professionals about this potentially life-threatening condition.

Comminuted patellar fractures are rare in pediatric populations, often resulting from high-energy trauma such as sports or road accidents. Surgical management is essential to restore the articular surface and extensor mechanism of the knee. However, achieving anatomical reduction and rigid fixation can be challenging, potentially leading to poor functional outcomes. We report the case of a 12-year-old boy who sustained a comminuted patellar fracture following a motorcycle accident. The patient presented with significant knee swelling, pain, and inability to bear weight. Radiographs and a CT scan confirmed the diagnosis. Surgical fixation was performed using a titanium claw plate, a novel approach in pediatric cases. Postoperative rehabilitation led to full knee mobility within three months. Traditional methods such as tension band wiring are associated with complications such as skin irritation, loss of fixation, and symptomatic hardware. The titanium claw plate offers advantages such as shape memory effect, superelasticity, and biocompatibility, making it a promising alternative for pediatric patellar fractures. Comminuted patellar fractures in children require surgical intervention to ensure optimal functional outcomes. The use of a titanium claw plate represents an innovative and effective treatment option, as demonstrated in this case. Further studies are needed to validate its long-term efficacy.