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"Ben-Chaim, David"
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Roman-period synagogues of the Golan
Synagogue chronology has been the subject of scholarly debate for decades, especially in the Galilee, where synagogues have been dated both to the Roman and Byzantine (= late-antique) periods. 1 For the Golan, 2 the consensus has been that there is no evidence for them in the Roman period, and especially not in the 2nd-3rd c. The c .30 synagogues there, nearly all in the W central Golan, have always been precluded from the debate since, with the exception of an Early Roman one at Gamla, 3 the accepted dates for their construction and use are between the 4th and the 7th c. (fig. 1). 4
Journal Article
The Synagogue of Umm el-Qanatir
Uncovered at the site of Umm el-Qanatir on the Golan Heights, an impressive spread of ashlars, the remains of a substantial building, were first described over a hundred years ago. In 2003 a project was initiated by the authors, which set out to reveal the full nature of these ruins and to reconstruct a building which seemed to have lain untouched since its collapse in antiquity. This site presented a unique opportunity to utilize groundbreaking methodologies, and thus today, 14 years later, the walls of the building’s ground floor have been reassembled in situ to their full height. This paper outlines and discusses the methodology and research of this building, which, on the basis of the preliminary results, turns out to be one of the best preserved Byzantine synagogues in the region.
Journal Article
Inter-site Transfer of Stones from Ancient Public Structures at Rural Sites in the Central Golan Heights
It is generally assumed that architectural artifacts discovered in surveys of rural sites have remained in their original location. If a site survey revealed architectural remains, even if the public structure to which they belonged was not found, those remains are taken as evidence of that building’s original presence. However, monumental remains are sometimes moved from their original place of use, challenging this assumption. Ten surveyed sites in the Central Golan Heights contained architectural elements from synagogues or churches dating to the Byzantine period. It is suggested that in this period, only three of these sites were settled, and the architectural fragments found at the other sites were brought from Christian NaꜤaran and Jewish En Nashut. The methodology and conclusions presented herein have significant methodological implications.
Journal Article
Cassius Dio's figures for the demographic consequences of the Bar Kokhba War: Exaggeration or reliable account?
Scholars have long doubted the historical accuracy of Cassius Dio's account of the consequences of the Bar Kokhba War (Roman History 69.14). According to this text, considered the most reliable literary source for the Second Jewish Revolt, the war encompassed all of Judea: the Romans destroyed 985 villages and 50 fortresses, and killed 580,000 rebels. This article reassesses Cassius Dio's figures by drawing on new evidence from excavations and surveys in Judea, Transjordan, and the Galilee. Three research methods are combined: an ethno-archaeological comparison with the settlement picture in the Ottoman Period, comparison with similar settlement studies in the Galilee, and an evaluation of settled sites from the Middle Roman Period (70–136 CE). The study demonstrates the potential contribution of the archaeological record to this issue and supports the view of Cassius Dio's demographic data as a reliable account, which he based on contemporaneous documentation.
Journal Article
Historical mathematical problems suitable for classroom activities
The human mind, by nature, is curious and enjoys dealing, both independently and competitively, with intellectual challenges. Throughout time, mathematical tasks, riddles, and puzzles have offered such challenges. In today's modern era, marketing companies and the media even offer prizes and rewards for the successful solution of puzzles, expanding the audience exposed to the various challenges. In addition, the styles, subjects and depths of the puzzles have become diversified. Experience gained in solving puzzles aids in developing reasoning abilities and deepening thought.
Journal Article
Imported Fine Ware in Palaestina Secunda: Geographic, Economic, and Ethnic Aspects
Archaeological documentation of imports in a given region can contribute to our knowledge about ancient economy and society. This paper deals with imported fine ware between the fourth and seventh centuries in northern Israel, later known as Palaestina Secunda. Samples of imports from two field surveys covering dozens of rural sites in the region are presented and compared with published assemblages from excavated sites. An analysis of these findings indicates that such vessels were first imported to the region in the fourth century from North Africa and Cyprus and were followed by imports from Asia Minor from the fifth century on. The quantities of imported wares, found at sites ranging from large poleis to the smallest and most remote villages, indicate that these vessels were not limited to the higher social strata but were common and widely accessible. Contrary to previous opinions, the findings show that Jews did not avoid using imported pottery during this period. It seems, however, that Samaritans avoided using these imports, probably due to their stringent purity laws. The paper concludes with a discussion of the economic implications that may be drawn from this phenomenon of abundant imports.
Journal Article
Ratio and Proportion
Ratio and Proportion--Research and Teaching in Mathematics Teachers' Education offers its readers an intellectual adventure where they can acquire invaluable tools to turn teaching ratio and proportion to professionals and school children into an enjoyable experience.
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