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This study included the study of some physical and chemical properties of some samples of the solid soaps circulating in the Libyan market. These characteristics were as following : the percentage of moisture, the percentage of fatty matter, the percentage of total fatty matter, the percentage free caustic alkali, the percentage of total alkali , the percentage of chloride, the acidic function pH, the refractive index R.I, and the electrical conductivity EC. Values of the moisture content was ranged from 3.6% to 7.8%, the total fatty matter rounded in range 61.1% to 88%, the free caustic alkali was presented in region of 0.01% to 0.15%, total alkali ranged between 0.039% and 0.058%, the percentage of chloride ranged between 0.67% and 1.4% and pH was recorded between 6.29 to10.16. Finally, the values of refractive index was 1.29 as the lowest value and 2.5 as the highest value, and the electrical conductivity recorded between 324μs to 756μs.

The pollution resulting from heavy metal elements and their toxic effects, especially lead, which is highly toxic. Whereas high concentrations of heavy metals have become a health concern, which are transmitted from polluted sources to groundwater sources and crops, as well as to humans and animals. Therefore, the focus of our study was towards estimating the concentration of lead in soil contaminated with sewage water. Where 60 soil samples were collected from different depths, (1-10 cm) for shorter deep and (30- 40 cm) samples for longer deep. The present descriptive analytical study was carried out in Al-Khums city. PH, and EC were measured and the lead concentrations were determined using an Atomic Absorb Spectrophotometry (AAS) method. The 60sample points were obtained with the lowest concentration at 29ppm and the highest concentration obtained at results 7430ppm.Despite that, two samples that did not contain Analyses of Lead showed that there was a considerable contamination insoil.

Diabetes Mellitus is the most important public health problem in developed countries. It often leads to lethal complications if left untreated. Presently, no oral hypoglycemic agent or combination drug therapy exists to treat diabetes without toxicity or side effects. Insulin treatment also may lead to serious hypoglycemia and a reduction in its action by time. Therefore, the hypoglycemic effects of baker's yeast, which is considered a safe food were investigated. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of Alloxan monohydrate at dose of 150 mg/kg. After 14 days, rats with positive glucose urine dip stick were used for the study and oral yeast for another 14 days was started at a dose of 200 mg/day and compared with oral Glibenclamide at dose of 0.5 mg/kg. The blood glucose was increased significantly in the untreated Alloxan induced diabetic up to 229.8 ±22 mg/dl, rats p >0.001 , as well as in the Glibenclamide treated diabetic rats up to 190.6 ± 26 mg/dl, p> 0.05 as compared to the control normal group (74.8 ±5.7 mg/dl). It was found that the administration of yeast significantly decreases the blood glucose up to 85.2 ± 5.9, p ≤ 0.001. While no statistically significant decrease in the Glibenclamide treated group. The result showed that brewer's yeast has blood glucose lowering effect in diabetic model

Present study involves the determination of calcium content for five Brands of calcium supplements by using complexometric titration. (0.05M) of ethylene di amine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) was used as chelating agent. The study showed that the total calcium content in pharmaceutical samples (A, B, C, D and E) had 248mg, 395mg, 498mg, 492mg, and 797mg respectively. The statistical analysis results showed that no significant difference between the calculated and theoretical values and the proposed method given a very good recovery % (98.4 -99.62).