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There is very little data available on adaptation at adolescence after \"visible adoptions\" (children adopted from abroad), in terms of mental health, risk-taking and problem behaviour in comparison with nonadopted adolescents. This study describes such an outcome. Data derived from self-reports from 125 adolescents aged 13-18 years who identified themselves as adopted, and who participated in two epidemiological surveys of 9329 adolescents. Their number was representative for children adopted from abroad. The other adolescents served as controls. Family life styles showed no differences between groups. Health was similar to that of the controls. Foreign adopted adolescents significantly often evaluated themselves as shorter and with early puberty. The proportion of adopted girls with suicidal thoughts was significantly larger, they also reported school truancy, not using safety belts, sexual intercourse, unpleasant sexual encounters, and contact with illicit drugs more often than the controls. The stress of early puberty could only partly explain this. Girls adopted from abroad, representing \"visible adoptions\", need additional attention and study during adolescence to expose causes for maladaption among some of them.

Background: There is a consensus today that comprehensive public health activities including many actors are needed for impact on health compromising behaviors. However, few studies are available to document long term effects regarding youth. We identified three rural, demographically comparable communities dominated by nuclear middle class families. One of these communities demonstrated comprehensive public health activities directed towards adolescents' needs and life-styles for a duration of at least 15 years, while the other two had an outspoken ideology of relying only on national health promotion. Methods: Local health planners and pediatricians performed in-depth interviews with key people and checked relevant reports to trace the local public health history and to assess conventional and unconventional activities regarding health promotion for adolescents in the three communities. The outcome of at least 15 years of different policy regarding health promotion was studied in 1991 through self-reports of 915 subjects, 13-16 years old, with a questionnaire distributed through schools with questions on health, health habits and health compromising behaviors. The study itself turned out to be an important intervention. The two \"inactive\" communities changed their policy and methods. For this reason a second survey was done in 1993 with 593 subjects 13-16 years in the \"active\" and in one of the \"inactive\" communities. Results: The adolescents in the \"active\" community with a long duration of energetic and comprehensive public health activities consistently demonstrated better mental health, health habits and less risk behavior in contrast to the state in the two \"inactive\" communities. Two years of active work in the \"inactive\" communities marginally improved health there. Conclusion: This study suggests that consistent and comprehensive public health activities might have reduced risk taking behavior and improved health and health habits during mid-adolescence.

Although there are several recent reviews of the pre-operative factors that influence treatment outcome for bariatric surgery, commensurate efforts to identify and review the predictive validity of post-operative variables are lacking. This review describes the post-operative psychosocial predictors of weight loss in bariatric surgery. Results suggest empirical support for post-operative binge eating, uncontrolled eating/grazing, and presence of a depressive disorder as negative predictors of weight loss outcomes; whereas, adherence to dietary and physical activity guidelines emerged as positive predictors of weight loss. With the exception of depression, psychological comorbidities were not consistently associated with weight loss outcomes. Results highlight the need for post-operative assessment of disordered eating and depressive disorder, further research on the predictive value of post-operative psychosocial factors, and development of targeted interventions.

[...]the non-significant findings in this study could either mean that there were no differences between the treatments or that there were small differences that could not be detected due to the small sample size and corresponding lack of power. [...]non-significant findings in this study cannot be interpreted. [...]although CBT-E was the superior treatment in this study, a substantial portion of the participants enrolled in CBT-E remained symptomatic at the end of the study. [...]there is a clear and pressing need for the development of novel interventions and the enhancement of existing treatments for bulimia nervosa.

The serotonin2C (5‐HT2C) receptor couples to both phospholipase C (PLC)‐inositol phosphate (IP) and phospholipase A2 (PLA2)‐arachidonic acid (AA) signalling cascades. Agonists can differentially activate these effectors (i.e. agonist‐directed trafficking of receptor stimulus) perhaps due to agonist‐specific receptor conformations which differentially couple to/activate transducer molecules (e.g. G proteins). Since editing of RNA transcripts of the human 5‐HT2C receptor leads to substitution of amino acids at positions 156, 158 and 160 of the putative second intracellular loop, a region important for G protein coupling, we examined the capacity of agonists to activate both the PLC‐IP and PLA2‐AA pathways in CHO cells stably expressing two major, fully RNA‐edited isoforms (5‐HT2C‐VSV, 5‐HT2C‐VGV) of the h5‐HT2C receptor. 5‐HT increased AA release and IP accumulation in both 5‐HT2C‐VSV and 5‐HT2C‐VGV expressing cells. As expected, the potency of 5‐HT for both RNA‐edited isoforms for both responses was 10 fold lower relative to that of the non‐edited receptor (5‐HT2C‐INI) when receptors were expressed at similar levels. Consistent with our previous report, the efficacy order of two 5‐HT receptor agonists (TFMPP and bufotenin) was reversed for AA release and IP accumulation at the non‐edited receptor thus demonstrating agonist trafficking of receptor stimulus. However, with the RNA‐edited receptor isoforms there was no difference in the relative efficacies of TFMPP or bufotenin for AA release and IP accumulation suggesting that the capacity for 5‐HT2C agonists to traffic receptor stimulus is lost as a result of RNA editing. These results suggest an important role for the second intracellular loop in transmitting agonist‐specific information to signalling molecules. British Journal of Pharmacology (2001) 134, 386–392; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704255

The authors introduce a new analytical instrument, the Scene Function Model, as an expansion of Seymour Chatman's theoretical classification of story events into kernels and satellites. The Scene Function Model is designed to examine the narrative function of television scenes and provide the user with a clearer understanding of the structure of the television narrative.