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Hispanics in the United States : a demographic, social, and economic history, 1980-2005
\"Utilizing census data and other statistical source materials, this book examines the transformations in the demographic, social, and economic structures of Latino-Americans in the United States between 1980 and 2005\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
The Comparative Histories of Slavery in Brazil, Cuba, and the United States
This 2007 book is an introductory history of racial slavery in the Americas. Brazil and Cuba were among the first colonial societies to establish slavery in the early sixteenth century. Approximately a century later British colonial Virginia was founded, and slavery became an integral part of local culture and society. In all three nations, slavery spread to nearly every region, and in many areas it was the principal labor system utilized by rural and urban elites. Yet long after it had been abolished elsewhere in the Americas, slavery stubbornly persisted in the three nations. It took a destructive Civil War in the United States to bring an end to racial slavery in the southern states in 1865. In 1866 slavery was officially ended in Cuba, and in 1888 Brazil finally abolished this dreadful institution, and legalized slavery in the Americas came to an end.
eBook
Rural Puerto Rico in the Early Twentieth Century Reconsidered: Land and Society, 1899-1915
The U.S. occupation of Puerto Rico in 1898 radically altered patterns of social and economic development. Examination of census and archival data on land tenure reveals that contrary to generally accepted conclusions, land tenure did not become more concentrated in fewer hands in the years from 1898 to 1915. Instead, and despite massive agro-industrial investments by U.S. sugar corporations, more small farmers owned land in 1915 than at the end of the Spanish colonial period in 1898. This surprising revelation contradicts the findings of all previous studies, and it prompts us to research further the social and economic impact of U.S. colonialism in Puerto Rico in the first decades of the twentieth century.
Journal Article
After the Mining Boom: Demographic and Economic Aspects of Slavery in Mariana, Minas Gerais, 1750-1808
Slavery in the interior state of Minas Gerais has been a focal point of the voluminous historiography appearing on Brazilian slavery in the past twenty years. During the mineral boom of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, Minas was the key region of the colonial Brazilian economy and the largest slaveholding capitania. The older literature on Brazilian history recognized the centrality of slave labor to the eighteenth-century mining sector but concluded that as the mining boom waned after 1750, slavery began to disintegrate. The history of Minas Gerais after the boom was interpreted as a long period of economic stagnation accompanied by reversion to cattle raising and subsistence agriculture, slow demographic growth, and the transfer of the Mineiro slave population during the nineteenth century to the more dynamic coffee-growing areas in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.
Journal Article
Demographic Change in a Post-Export Boom Society: The Population of Minas Gerais, Brazil, 1776–1821
The social and economic history of Minas Gerais in the late 18th and early 19th centuries is extraordinary in comparative perspective. It is perhaps the only known example of a large-scale Latin American slave system which successfully made the transition from a slave-based export economy dependent on foreign markets, to a more diversified agricultural and cattle economy oriented almost exclusively to local or regional markets within Brazil. What makes the case of Minas Gerais so unique is that through this economic transition dependence upon slave labor remained central to Mineiro economy and society. Although there was a decline in the slave population in the immediate aftermath of the export economy's collapse in the mid-18th century, during the 19th century the slave population increased dynamically and Minas Gerais became the largest slave holding province of the Brazilian empire. The documentary evidence suggests that this later renewed growth of slavery was based in part upon natural demographic increase rather than solely on imports from Africa or the inter-regional Brazilian slave trade, another phenomenon which may have been unique in the history of slavery in Latin America and the Caribbean. In nearly every other Latin American slave system the demise of export-based economic cycles heralded the long-term decline of slavery as well. This article considers the process of demographic readjustment occurring in Mineiro society in the aftermath of the 18th-century gold mining boom. This was a critical period in the history of Minas Gerais and it provided the foundations upon which the province's economic and social order would be built during the 19th century.
Journal Article
The Economic Viability of Sugar Production Based on Slave Labor in Cuba, 1859-1878
During the two decades preceding the abolition law of 1880, Cuban sugar planters pursued two parallel goals. The first undertaking was a concerted effort to increase the efficiency of agricultural and industrial production. A sophisticated railroad network was constructed to the interior from the ports of Havana, Matanzas, Cárdenas, and Cienfuegos in the 1840s and 1850s. Railroads opened high-yielding virgin land in frontier regions to production, and in the 1860s and 1870s, planters attempted to further the transportation revolution by developing rail systems within their estates to carry cane from fields to mills. Because the sucrose content of cane begins to drop immediately after the cane is cut, internal railway lines had the potential to revolutionize sugar production by moving cane quickly to the processing phase. Railroads also helped to resolve the recurring problem of roads washed out by heavy rains, which often precluded transporting harvested cane to mills for refining. In addition to revolutionizing transportation, planters also sought to raise industrial yields by installing modern milling equipment with greater processing capacity. The Jamaican trains of the early nineteenth century were replaced by vacuum-pan evaporators and centrifuges on the most modern mills by the 1860s and 1870s, a change that produced higher grades of sugar more efficiently.
Journal Article
