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"Bergh, Andreas"
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On collegial deliberation as a tool to counteract racism in education
This paper analyses and discusses the possibilities and challenges of collegial mutual deliberation among teachers as a way of counteracting racism. It takes its starting point in research on teacher collaboration that emphasises the importance of creating conditions locally for critical discussions, building on knowledge from different perspectives and going beyond simple solutions. With a focus on the practical, the idea of deliberative communication serves as a theoretical lens to analyse discussions among eight teachers on their responses to racism. The study provides theoretical and empirical knowledge about the potential contribution of collegial deliberation to developing a communicative teacher community that counteracts racism.
Journal Article
Sick of Inequality? : an introduction to the relationship between inequality and health
\"There is a clear trend in rich countries that despite rising incomes and living standards, the gap between rich and poor is widening. What does this mean for our health? Does increasing income inequality affect outcomes such as obesity, life expectancy and subjective well-being? Are rich and poor groups affected in the same ways? This book reviews the latest research on the relationship between inequality and health, and provides a pedagogical introduction to the tools and knowledge needed to understand and assess the vast literature on the subject.\"--Back cover.
Book
A study of job polarization in Sweden from an urban-rural perspective
This study is an explorative examination of changes in employment, revenue, and firm structure for low, mid, and high-skill firms in urban and rural areas in Sweden from 2007 to 2019, using skill groups based on education levels. For employment in Sweden in general, we find evidence of job upgrading. In the city of Stockholm we also document job polarization in the sense that employment in both low-skill and high-skill industries increased. We discuss various reasons why job polarization might be an urban phenomenon. We also document some consolidation towards larger firms in the low-skill sector and note that the revenue share of high-skill industries was constant during the period. Even though Swedish labour market institutions differ substantially from those of other OECD countries, the patterns of job polarization are strikingly similar.
Journal Article
Hayekian welfare states: explaining the coexistence of economic freedom and big government
To explain the coexistence of economic freedom and big government, this paper distinguishes between big government in the fiscal sense of requiring high taxes, and big government in the Hayekian sense of requiring knowledge that is difficult to acquire from a central authority. The indicators of government size in measures of economic freedom capture the fiscal size but ignore the Hayekian knowledge problem. Thinking about government size in both the fiscal and Hayekian dimensions suggests the possibility of Hayekian welfare states where trust and state capacity facilitate experimentation and learning, resulting in a public sector that is big in a fiscal sense but not necessarily more vulnerable to the Hayekian knowledge problem. Pensions in Sweden are used as a case to illustrate the empirical relevance of the argument. The new pension system represents big government in a fiscal sense, but by relying on decentralized choice it requires relatively little central knowledge.
Journal Article
A Clean House?
According to virtually all international corruption rankings, Sweden is one of the top performing countries with very few exposed incidents of corruption. But does this automatically imply that it can be declared a perfectly 'healthy patient'? By extensively reviewing existing research and adding empirical sets of data, the authors of 'A Clean House?' shed light on shady corners of the Swedish case. What do we know about corruption in Sweden, and what can be said of such affairs over time? Four scholars of political science and economics describe how countries typically viewed as low corruption states can have particular problems that should not be underestimated nor neglected. This is the first comprehensive study in English of corruption in a low-corruption, mature welfare state. By revealing causes, scope and consequences of the corruption in low-corruption countries, the authors point out shortcomings in the international evaluations of corruption, and suggest constructive reforms that might curb the types of corruption occurring in 'healthy' societies
eBook
Swedish teachers' and school leaders' rebellion groups on Facebook- collective formations and administrators as gatekeepers
This article explores Swedish teachers' and school leaders' Facebook rebellion groups as a medium where professional needs and actions can be formulated. Data consist of interviews with administrators representing the rebellion groups. Based on a theoretical perspective of teacher agency we searched for experiences and visions related to contextual aspects expressed in the groups. The results indicate a common experience of lacking resources among the groups. Through a well-balanced agency, they search for support among politicians in their striving to improve working conditions. However, the groups might develop different conditions for participating due to the formation of group-specific conversational climate about what is desirable and possible to post and discuss. Discussions on work-related issues might certainly be affected and the rebellion groups might contribute to preserve the specificity of each level in the school system. A split in the teachers' rebellion group indicates virtual relationships between professionals are easy to give up in favour of new formations, making the virtual groups vulnerable. The results raise the question about changing cultural aspects and what it means to be a professional teacher/school leader. Will teacher agency in the future be dependent on participation in such social media groups?
Journal Article
On the Counterfactual Problem of Welfare State Research: How Can We Measure Redistribution?
To measure welfare state redistribution, it is standard to compare the income distributions before and after taxes and transfers. This approach incorrectly assumes that the pre fisc distribution is independent of the welfare state. This paper identifies four sources of bias in the pre/post-approach: 1) Welfare states redistribute both between individuals and between generations, 2) Labor supply responses vary between socio-economic groups and depend on taxes and transfers, 3) The redistribution within social insurance schemes depends on the correlation between risk and income, and 4) Welfare states use public education to influence the distribution of earnings capabilities. I combine theoretical models, numeric simulations and empirics to examine the bias caused by these factors. Results indicate that the pre/post approach is more biased for welfare states with flat rate benefits and proportional taxation, that positively income-related benefits have a redistributive effect, and that public expenditure on primary and secondary education reduces inequality.
Journal Article
Stress Testing a Quasi-Market: Unintended Consequences of the Swedish School Voucher System
Quasi-markets are increasingly used in public service provision, yet they remain highly contested. This paper develops a conceptual framework grounded in economic theory to examine how quasi-markets differ from traditional markets along five key dimensions: (1) revenues, costs, and profits, (2) the matching of supply and demand, (3) competition, (4) structural change, and (5) rent-seeking. Assuming profit-maximizing behavior, we stress test the quasi-market model to explore how these structural differences shape incentives and influence outcomes. Applying the framework to Sweden’s school voucher system, we show that specific design features have led to unintended consequences that undermine service quality and conflict with the reform’s stated policy goals.
Journal Article
Globalization and populism in Europe
Recent micro-level studies have suggested that globalization—in particular, economic globalization and trade with China—breeds political polarization and populism. This study examines whether or not those results generalize by examining the country-level association between vote shares for European populist parties and economic globalization. Using data on vote shares for 267 right-wing and left-wing populist parties in 33 European countries during 1980–2017, and globalization data from the KOF institute, we find no evidence of a positive association between (economic or other types of) globalization and populism. EU membership is associated with a 4–6-percentage-point larger vote share for right-wing populist parties.
Journal Article