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Sedimentary recycling of phosphorus is a key aspect of eutrophication. Here, we present data on benthic fluxes of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) from the Baltic Sea, an area with a long eutrophication history. The presented dataset contains 498 individual fluxes measured in situ with three types of benthic chamber landers at 59 stations over 20 years, and data cover most of the Baltic Sea subbasins (Hylén et al., 2025, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14812160). The dataset further contains information about bottom-water dissolved oxygen (O2) concentrations, sedimentary organic carbon (OC) content and sediment type. The DIP fluxes differ considerably between basins depending on OC loading and the level of O2 depletion and generally increase from the coast to the central basins. Several stations have been visited on multiple occasions, also at times with different O2 concentrations, which enables investigation of the immediate effects of shifting bottom-water O2 concentrations on the benthic DIP release. The Baltic Sea-wide benthic DIP release is estimated to be 389–484 kton yr−1 based on a data integration based on sediment type and O2 conditions during three years with varying extents of hypoxia and anoxia (2004, 2013 and 2018). The dataset reveals a lack of flux measurements in winter months, coastal areas, and sandy and coarse sediments; these should be targeted in future studies. Overall, intercomparisons between samplings and landers as well as rigorous data evaluation show that the data are of high quality. As such, this data set will, alone and together with other environmental data, be important for marine management and studies on mechanisms in benthic phosphorus cycling.

Background While the broader medical community grapples with the widely accepted notion that it takes an average of 17 years for research evidence to be incorporated into clinical practice, the implementation of evidence-based interventions in carceral settings (i.e., jails and prisons) faces longer delays, exacerbating health disparities. Main body The “prison implementation penalty” describes the significant delay in and limited adoption of evidence-based healthcare practices in carceral settings. We explore the complex challenges of implementing evidence-based interventions in jails and prisons, environments where healthcare often plays a secondary role under security and discipline. We use specific frameworks to highlight the unique barriers within these settings and propose potential implementation strategies. These challenges have broad implications for health equity due to the disproportionate impact on the marginalized groups affected by mass incarceration. Implementation science has potential to mitigate these disparities. Conclusion Bridging the gap between healthcare evidence and practice in carceral settings offers a public health opportunity. Implementation science offers a unique role in improving healthcare standards and reducing health inequities in this environment.

IntroductionHepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a leading cause of infectious disease-related morbidity in the USA, disproportionately affecting people who inject drugs and people who are incarcerated. Despite the availability of highly effective, highly tolerated direct-acting antivirals, treatment uptake in jails remains limited due to short stays, unpredictable release dates and system-level barriers. The original MINMON trial demonstrated that a low barrier ‘minimal monitoring”’ model can achieve high cure rates in community settings. This study, MINMON-J, aims to adapt and evaluate a modified version of the MINMON model for use in a jail setting, addressing the urgent need for scalable, low-barrier treatment approaches among justice-involved individuals.Methods and analysisMINMON-J is a single-arm, hybrid effectiveness-implementation pilot study protocol planned to recruit at the Rhode Island Department of Corrections. 40 people who are incarcerated with positive HCV RNA, who are treatment-naïve, without cirrhosis and awaiting trial, will receive 12 weeks of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir with no required lab monitoring during treatment. If released before treatment completion, participants will receive their remaining medication at discharge. Community health workers will provide post-release support. Mixed-methods evaluation will be guided by the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance/Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model framework. Primary outcomes include feasibility, acceptability and adherence. Data will be collected through administrative records, surveys (Acceptability of Intervention Measure, Feasibility of Intervention Measure, Brief Adherence Rating Scale) and qualitative interviews with participants and other relevant parties. This study was reviewed and approved by the Brown University Health Institutional Review Board (2240400) and the Rhode Island Department of Corrections Medical Research Advisory Group.Ethics and disseminationThis study was reviewed and approved by the Brown University Health Institutional Review Board (2240400) and the Rhode Island Department of Corrections (RIDOC) Medical Research Advisory Group. All participants will provide written informed consent prior to enrolment. People who are incarcerated will be assured that participation is voluntary, will not impact their clinical care and that they may withdraw at any time without penalty. Study procedures follow ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and comply with federal regulations regarding research involving vulnerable populations.Dissemination of findings will include peer-reviewed publications and presentations at national conferences focused on infectious diseases, implementation science and/or correctional health. Lay summaries will be shared with RIDOC leadership and community partners. De-identified data and associated metadata may be archived in a publicly accessible repository in accordance with National Institutes of Health data sharing policies, contingent on final institutional review board approval and participant protections.Trial registration numberNCT06953479.

Since 2017, the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) has been working towards enabling token-based authentication and authorization throughout its entire middleware stack. Taking guidance from the WLCG Token Transition Timeline, published in 2022, substantial progress has been achieved not only in making middleware compatible with the use of tokens, but also in understanding the limitations of the WLCG Common JWT Profiles, first published in 2019. Significant scalability experience has been gained from Data Challenge 2024, during which millions of files were transferred with tokens used as credentials - a significant percentage of the total transfers completed. Besides describing the state of affairs in the transition to tokens, revisions to the WLCG token profile, and the evolving road maps, this contribution also covers the corresponding transition from VOMS-Admin to INDIGO-IAM services, with continuing improvements in terms of functionality as well as deployment.

Background The overlapping epidemics of opioid use disorder (OUD) and HIV present a critical public health challenge. Although people with OUD frequently engage with healthcare settings, uptake of HIV prevention services such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) remains low. Integrating HIV prevention into routine OUD care could reduce new infections, but scalable, evidence-based strategies are lacking. Rhode Island offers a unique opportunity to design and evaluate such strategies using its robust data infrastructure and high OUD burden. Methods We will conduct a three-phase, sequential implementation study. In Aim 1, we will use the Rhode Island All-Payer Claims Database and State Emergency Department Database data to identify healthcare engagement patterns and gaps in HIV prevention service delivery among people with OUD, including rates of HIV screening, PrEP use, and medications for OUD uptake, across settings from 2012 to 2022. In Aim 2, we will convene a series of five stakeholder-engaged evidence-based quality improvement panels—including with providers, policymakers, and people with lived experience—to co-develop implementation strategies tailored to each care setting (i.e., primary care, mental health clinics, emergency department, and opioid use treatment centers). Finally, in Aim 3, we will develop an agent-based model (ABM) to simulate the population-level effect of implementation strategies developed for each care setting (as identified in Aim 2). The ABM will project outcomes such as HIV incidence, cases averted, and number needed to treat (NNT) over 5- and 10-year horizons under various scenarios. Model parameters will be based on literature and findings from Aim 1. Outputs from the ABM will be used to prioritize feasible, high-impact strategies for future real-world implementation. Discussion This study addresses critical gaps in HIV prevention for people with OUD by combining claims-based analysis, evidence-based quality improvement, and agent-based modeling. By leveraging real-world data and engaging diverse stakeholders, the study aims to generate actionable strategies tailored to clinical settings. Findings will inform future implementation efforts in Rhode Island and other jurisdictions facing overlapping HIV and opioid epidemics. Trial registration This study does not meet the World Health Organization’s definition of a clinical trial and, therefore, was not registered.