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Sojourner Truth : women's rights activist and abolitionist
Profiles the life of former slave and anti-slavery leader Sojourner Truth.
Book
Digging Earth
Digging Earth: Extractivism and Resistance on Indigenous lands of the Americas is a collection of essays and artists' contributions that documents the practices of extractivism on indigenous lands of the American continent, and the opposition to the politics of land appropriation and exploitation, by indigenous movements, activists and artists. Authors and artists address the extractivism of neo-colonial operations, its impact on local and indigenous communities and their environment, while tracing back its practices to settler colonialism in the Americas, and the vision of the natural world as ready to plunder. In addition to the economic impact, some contributions look at extractivism from the point of view of the extraction of cultural knowledge and ontologies. Artists and authors highlight topics of indigenous sovereignty, land rights, environmental justice, the stewardship of the land, and the history of indigenous environmental practices. The diversity of the contributors' backgrounds brings fresh perspectives to the issues surrounding the practices of the extractive industries and the exploitation of indigenous lands and resources. Their reflections and analyses convey the urgency of rethinking our politics towards the earth and its resources, as we are warned of an approaching collective ecocide.
eBook
Francis Picabia : our heads are round so our thoughts can change direction
Among the great modern artists of the past century, Picabia is one of the most elusive, given his extreme eclecticism and persistent acts of self-contradiction. Though known as a Dadaist, Picabia's ongoing stylistic shifts, from Impressionism to radical abstraction, from mechanical imagery to pseudo-classicism, and from photo-based realism to art informel remain to be assessed in depth. Similarly, the breadth of his practice, which encompassed poetry, film and performance is under-recognized. Each makes him a figure relevant for contemporary artists, while the career as a whole challenges familiar narratives of modernism. Francis Picabia presents over 100 paintings, complemented by works on paper, publications, and film. Featuring some 500 illustrations and 14 essays, it examines the full range of Picabia's oeuvre.
BOOK
Locomotor muscle dysfunction and rehabilitative exercise training in fibrotic interstitial lung disease: Where are we at and where could we go?
Exercise limitation is a cardinal feature of fibrotic interstitial lung disease arising from pulmonary gas exchange, respiratory mechanical and cardio‐circulatory abnormalities. More recently, it has been recognized that impairment in locomotor muscle function (e.g., reduced muscle mass/strength or heightened fatigability) might also play a relevant contributory role. Exercise training as part of pulmonary rehabilitation is the most effective intervention to improve exercise tolerance, dyspnoea and quality of life in patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease. Given that exercise training has modest effects on exertional ventilation, breathing pattern and respiratory muscle performance, improvement in locomotor muscle function is a key target for pulmonary rehabilitation in these patients. In the present narrative review, we initially discuss whether the locomotor muscles of patients might be exposed to negative risk factors. After offering corroboratory evidence on this matter (e.g., oxidative stress, inflammation, hypoxia, physical inactivity and medications), we outline their effects on skeletal muscle mass and functional properties. We finish by addressing the potentially beneficial effects of rehabilitative exercise training on these muscle‐centred outcomes, providing perspectives to facilitate or optimize the muscle benefits derived from this intervention. This narrative review, therefore, provides an up‐to‐date outline of the rationale for rehabilitative approaches focusing on the locomotor muscles in this patient population. What is the topic of this review? This review focuses on risk factors for, recent evidence for, and relevance of locomotor muscle dysfunction in fibrotic interstitial lung disease. It also focuses on the ability of rehabilitative exercise training to counteract these pre‐specified abnormalities. What advances does it highlight? We highlight that fibrotic interstitial lung disease is characterized by multiple factors known to promote muscle dysfunction. We then discuss new evidence in favour of locomotor muscle dysfunction and its role in exercise limitation. Finally, we show that the exercise training offered to date minimal, inconsistent gains in muscle strength, emphasizing the need for alternative strategies to facilitate this intervention and combat existing impairments.
Journal Article
MG53 is not a critical regulator of insulin signaling pathway in skeletal muscle
In type 2 diabetes (T2D), both muscle and liver are severely resistant to insulin action. Muscle insulin resistance accounts for more than 80% of the impairment in total body glucose disposal in T2D patients and is often characterized by an impaired insulin signaling. Mitsugumin 53 (MG53), a muscle-specific TRIM family protein initially identified as a key regulator of cell membrane repair machinery has been suggested to be a critical regulator of muscle insulin signaling pathway by acting as ubiquitin E3 ligase targeting both the insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1). Here, we show using in vitro and in vivo approaches that MG53 is not a critical regulator of insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis. First, MG53 expression is not consistently regulated in skeletal muscle from various preclinical models of insulin resistance. Second, MG53 gene knock-down in muscle cells does not lead to impaired insulin response as measured by Akt phosphorylation on Serine 473 and glucose uptake. Third, recombinant human MG53 does not alter insulin response in both differentiated C2C12 and human skeletal muscle cells. Fourth, ectopic expression of MG53 in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous MG53 expression fails to alter insulin response as measured by Akt phosphorylation. Finally, both male and female mg53 -/- mice were not resistant to high fat induced obesity and glucose intolerance compared to wild-type mice. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that MG53 is not a critical regulator of insulin signaling pathway in skeletal muscle.
Journal Article
The Exercising Brain: An Overlooked Factor Limiting the Tolerance to Physical Exertion in Major Cardiorespiratory Diseases?
“Exercise starts and ends in the brain”: this was the title of a review article authored by Dr. Bengt Kayser back in 2003. In this piece of work, the author highlights that pioneer studies have primarily focused on the cardiorespiratory-muscle axis to set the human limits to whole-body exercise tolerance. In some circumstances, however, exercise cessation may not be solely attributable to these players: the central nervous system is thought to hold a relevant role as the ultimate site of exercise termination. In fact, there has been a growing interest relative to the “brain” response to exercise in chronic cardiorespiratory diseases, and its potential implication in limiting the tolerance to physical exertion in patients. To reach these overarching goals, non-invasive techniques, such as near-infrared spectroscopy and transcranial magnetic stimulation, have been successfully applied to get insights into the underlying mechanisms of exercise limitation in clinical populations. This review provides an up-to-date outline of the rationale for the “brain” as the organ limiting the tolerance to physical exertion in patients with cardiorespiratory diseases. We first outline some key methodological aspects of neuromuscular function and cerebral hemodynamics assessment in response to different exercise paradigms. We then review the most prominent studies which explored the influence of major cardiorespiratory diseases on these outcomes. After a balanced summary of existing evidence, we finalize by detailing the rationale for investigating the “brain” contribution to exercise limitation in hitherto unexplored cardiorespiratory diseases, an endeavor that might lead to innovative lines of applied physiological research.
Journal Article
Associations between postnatal cerebral oxygen availability and utilization in very to late preterm infants and neurodevelopmental outcome
Preterm children are more likely to experience neurodevelopmental challenges than neonates born at term. Early biomarkers of brain development may help clinicians to identify children in need of early interventions. The main objective of this study was to assess the associations between postnatal cerebral oxygen availability and utilization with neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants and explore sex-specific differences. This prospective observational cohort included 227 infants born at 29–36 weeks of gestation who underwent bedside optical neuromonitoring around term-equivalent age to measure cerebral oxygen availability (blood flow and delivery [CDO
2i
]) and utilization (metabolism [CMRO
2i
] and extraction fraction [OEF]). Neurodevelopmental outcome was assessed at 2 years corrected age. Linear regression analyses were used to assess the associations between neuromonitoring parameters and neurodevelopmental scores. Increased CDO
2i
, CMRO
2i
and OEF were associated with higher cognitive and language scores. When stratifying by sex, most of these associations were stronger in males than females. Associations between neuromonitoring parameters and motor scores were observed only in males. These results support the potential role of bedside optical neuromonitoring to provide early biomarkers of brain health and maturation in preterm infants and suggest sex-specific developmental mechanisms, which may indicate higher vulnerability in males.
Journal Article
Lessons learned from Canadian family physicians deprescribing medications in older adults – a five-year retrospective review of medico-legal cases
Background
Medication-related safety incidents are more common in older adults than in younger populations. Medication review and optimization, including deprescribing, are essential components of strategies to reduce medication-related harm. Deprescribing aims to minimize therapeutic burden by reducing medications that no longer provide net clinical benefit or by substituting safer alternatives. Herein we sought to use a national pan-Canadian repository of medico-legal cases to identify opportunities for improving deprescribing practices in primary care for older adults.
Methods
We conducted a five-year retrospective review (2018–2022) of closed Canadian medico-legal cases relating to deprescribing involving family medicine physicians and patients age 65 or older. We analysed cases related to deprescribing and created composite case examples to illustrate both areas for improvement and examples of appropriate care despite the receipt of a complaint or civil legal action (collectively, medico-legal cases).
Results
We identified 31 medico-legal cases, of which 29 had undergone expert review. Experts identified areas of improvement related to deprescribing including conducting assessments to determine appropriateness of deprescribing, using a multidisciplinary approach to create a safe tapering plan that includes monitoring and follow-up, establishing clear communication with patients and their authorized substitute decision-makers, and documenting clearly and appropriately. Although experts often explicitly identified these elements as present, they were critical of the deprescribing-related care in half of cases.
Conclusions
Medico-legal cases highlight several key areas for improving deprescribing in primary care, particularly around comprehensive patient assessment to inform deprescribing decision-making and clear communication of treatment plans with relevant decision-makers. The cases also demonstrate that the process of deprescribing and the patient-physician relationship is complex and that complaints can occur even when physicians are safely deprescribing.
Journal Article
Associations between neurological examination at term-equivalent age and cerebral hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in infants born preterm
Infants born at 29-36 weeks gestational age (GA) are at risk of experiencing neurodevelopmental challenges. We hypothesize that cerebral hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism measured by bedside optical brain monitoring are potential biomarkers of brain development and are associated with neurological examination at term-equivalent age (TEA).
Preterm infants (
= 133) born 29-36 weeks GA and admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. Combined frequency-domain near infrared spectroscopy (FDNIRS) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) were used from birth to TEA to measure cerebral hemoglobin oxygen saturation and an index of microvascular cerebral blood flow (CBF
) along with peripheral arterial oxygen saturation (SpO
). In combination with hemoglobin concentration in the blood, these parameters were used to derive cerebral oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and an index of cerebral oxygen metabolism (CMRO
). The Amiel-Tison and Gosselin Neurological Assessment was performed at TEA. Linear regression models were used to assess the associations between changes in FDNIRS-DCS parameters from birth to TEA and GA at birth. Logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between changes in FDNIRS-DCS parameters from birth to TEA and neurological examination at TEA.
Steeper increases in CBF
(
< 0.0001) and CMRO
(
= 0.0003) were associated with higher GA at birth. Changes in OEF, CBF
, and CMRO
from birth to TEA were not associated with neurological examination at TEA.
In this population, cerebral FDNIRS-DCS parameters were not associated with neurological examination at TEA. Larger increases in CBF
and CMRO
from birth to TEA were associated with higher GA. Non-invasive bedside FDNIRS-DCS monitoring provides cerebral hemodynamic and metabolic parameters that may complement neurological examination to assess brain development in preterm infants.
Journal Article