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Much international research has examined the various ways in which immigrants engage both their new society and their heritage culture, and the relationship between these ways of engagement and their wellbeing. The present study examines these ways of engagement and this relationship in a representative sample of 7,000 immigrants to Canada. Immigrants' sense of belonging to their source country and to Canada was used to assess their 2 cultural engagements; life satisfaction and self-rated mental health were used to assess their wellbeing. The study created 4 acculturation strategies from the 2 sense of belonging measures: high sense of belonging to both their source country and to Canada (integration), high for Canada and low for source country (assimilation), low for Canada and high for source country (separation), and low for both (marginalisation). We found that those using the integration and assimilation strategies had the highest scores of life satisfaction (but they did not differ from each other), while separation and marginalisation had significantly lower scores. For mental health, integration and separation had the highest scores (but did not differ from each other), while assimilation and marginalisation had significantly lower scores. We also found that the immigrant sample had significantly higher scores of life satisfaction and mental health than the nonimmigrants sample. In addition to the relationship with acculturation strategies, we examined some demographic and social predictors of life satisfaction and mental health. Some implications for settlement policy and practice and for service to immigrants are discussed. Une multitude de recherches à l'échelle internationale ont examiné les diverses façons dont les immigrants s'engagent à la fois à l'égard d'une nouvelle société et de leur culture d'origine, ainsi que la relation entre ces façons de s'engager et leur bien-être. La présente étude examine ces modes d'engagement et cette relation au moyen d'un échantillon de 7000 immigrants au Canada. Le sentiment d'appartenance des immigrants à l'égard de leur pays d'origine et du Canada a servi à évaluer leur engagement culturel à l'égard des deux pays; leur niveau autorapporté de satisfaction de vivre et de santé mentale a servi à évaluer leur bien-être. Quatre stratégies d'acculturation ont été dégagées à partir des deux mesures du sentiment d'appartenance : un sentiment élevé d'appartenance au pays d'origine et au Canada (intégration); un sentiment élevé d'appartenance au Canada, et un faible sentiment d'appartenance au pays d'origine (assimilation); un faible sentiment d'appartenance au Canada, et un sentiment élevé d'appartenance au pays d'origine (séparation); une faible sentiment d'appartenance aux deux pays (marginalisation). Nous avons constaté que les personnes ayant adopté les stratégies d'intégration et d'assimilation ont obtenu les plus hautes notes pour la satisfaction de vivre (sans être différentes), tandis que celles ayant adopté les stratégies de séparation et de marginalisation avaient des notes beaucoup plus basses. En outre, les personnes ayant adopté les stratégies d'intégration et de séparation ont obtenu les plus hautes notes dans l'évaluation de la santé mentale (sans être différentes), tandis que celles ayant adopté les stratégies d'assimilation et de marginalisation avaient des notes beaucoup plus basses. Nous avons aussi constaté que les immigrants de l'échantillon avaient des notes significativement plus élevées que l'échantillon de non-immigrants en ce qui a trait à la satisfaction de vivre et à la santé mentale. Nous avons aussi examiné des données démographiques et sociales pouvant prédire le niveau de satisfaction de vivre et de santé mentale. L'article se termine par les implications de ces résultats sur les politiques, les pratiques et les services concernant les immigrants.

The electrochemical conversion of ammonia to dinitrogen in a direct ammonia fuel cell (DAFC) is a necessary technology for the realization of a nitrogen economy. Previous efforts to catalyse this reaction with molecular complexes required the addition of exogenous oxidizing reagents or application of potentials greater than the thermodynamic potential for the oxygen reduction reaction—the cathodic process of a DAFC. We report a stable metal–metal bonded diruthenium complex that spontaneously produces dinitrogen from ammonia under ambient conditions. The resulting reduced diruthenium material can be reoxidized with oxygen for subsequent reactions with ammonia, demonstrating its ability to spontaneously promote both half-reactions necessary for a DAFC. The diruthenium complex also acts as a redox mediator for the electrocatalytic oxidation of ammonia to dinitrogen at potentials as low as −255 mV versus Fc0/+ and operates below the oxygen reduction reaction potential in alkaline conditions, thus achieving a thermodynamic viability relevant for the future development of DAFCs.The use of ammonia as an alternative fuel relies on its electrochemical conversion to dinitrogen in a fuel cell. Now a stable metal–metal bonded diruthenium complex is shown to spontaneously produce dinitrogen from ammonia under ambient conditions and is also able to electrocatalyse the oxidation of ammonia to dinitrogen at low potentials.

\"In culturally diverse societies, one of the biggest questions on our minds is 'how shall we all live together?' 'Mutual Intercultural Relations' offers an answer to this fundamental and topical issue. By exploring intercultural relationships between dominant/national and non-dominant/ethnic populations in seventeen societies around the world, the authors are each able to chart the respective views of those populations and generate 'universal' principles of intercultural relations. The research reported in this book is guided by three psychological hypotheses which are evaluated by empirical research. It was also carried out comparatively in order to gain knowledge about intercultural relations that may be general and not limited to a few social and political contexts. Understanding these general principles will offer help in the development of public policies and programmes designed to improve the quality of intercultural relations in culturally diverse societies around the world.\"--Page 4 of cover.

In this article, I outline some historical antecedents and some core concepts and frameworks that have guided my research on how to live together in culturally diverse societies. Next, I present some empirical evidence from research in Canada and internationally try to show that there are some psychological principles of intercultural relations that may be \"universal\" in the sense that they operate similarly in many societies. Each principle is rooted in the Canadian policy of multiculturalism, which seeks to promote more positive relations among all ethnocultural communities. I conclude that when individuals who live in culturally diverse societies are able to maintain their heritage identities and also engage in the daily life of the larger society, they achieve better psychological well-being, sociocultural competence, and intercultural relations. These outcomes are best accomplished when the larger society promotes and supports multiculturalism in both policy and programmes. Dans cet article, je présente quelques antécédents historiques et quelques concepts et cadres fondamentaux qui ont guidé mes recherches sur la manière de vivre ensemble dans des sociétés culturellement diverses. Ensuite, je présente quelques données empiriques issues de recherches menées au Canada et à l'étranger pour tenter de montrer qu'il existe certains principes psychologiques des relations interculturelles qui peuvent être « universels », en ce sens qu'ils fonctionnent de la même manière dans de nombreuses sociétés. Chaque principe est ancré dans la politique canadienne du multiculturalisme, qui cherche à promouvoir des relations plus positives entre toutes les communautés ethnoculturelles. J'en conclus que lorsque les individus qui vivent dans des sociétés culturellement diverses sont en mesure de conserver leur identité patrimoniale tout en s'engageant dans la vie quotidienne de la société dans son ensemble, ils parviennent à un meilleur bien-être psychologique, à de meilleures compétences socioculturelles et à de meilleures relations interculturelles. Ces résultats sont plus faciles à atteindre lorsque la société dans son ensemble promeut et soutient le multiculturalisme, tant au niveau des politiques que des programmes. Public Significance Statement Culturally diverse societies and their individual residents face the challenge of understanding and managing their intercultural relations. Psychological concepts and research are able to make contributions to the development of policies and programmes that may deal with these challenges. The goals of greater psychological well-being, sociocultural competence, and improved mutual intercultural acceptance may be attained when individuals are able to retain their cultural heritages while also participating equitably in the daily life of the larger society.

In cross-cultural psychology, one of the major sources of the development and display of human behavior is the contact between cultural populations. Such intercultural contact results in both cultural and psychological changes. At the cultural level, collective activities and social institutions become altered, and at the psychological level, there are changes in an individual's daily behavioral repertoire and sometimes in experienced stress. The two most common research findings at the individual level are that there are large variations in how people acculturate and in how well they adapt to this process. Variations in ways of acculturating have become known by the terms integration, assimilation, separation, and marginalization. Two variations in adaptation have been identified, involving psychological well-being and sociocultural competence. One important finding is that there are relationships between how individuals acculturate and how well they adapt: Often those who integrate (defined as being engaged in both their heritage culture and in the larger society) are better adapted than those who acculturate by orienting themselves to one or the other culture (by way of assimilation or separation) or to neither culture (marginalization). Implications of these findings for policy and program development and for future research are presented.

International research has mostly confirmed the positive association between acculturation strategies and resilience in ethnic groups, but the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying the relationships are still under-investigated. The present study aimed to investigate the associations between acculturation strategies (based on two cultural identities) and resilience of 898 Qiang ethnicity volunteers (mean age = 29.5), especially exploring the mediating and moderating effects of personality, spiritual belief and social support on the relationship between acculturation strategy (using two cultural identities as latent variables in model analysis) and resilience following the occurrence of 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, taking such mechanisms into account. Results were as follows: (1) All variable presented significant positive correlations; (2) Consistent with the mediating hypotheses, personality and spiritual beliefs played a partial mediating role in the relationship between two cultural identities and resilience; (3) High or low level of perceived social support had a moderating effect on cultural identities and resilience; (4) The integration strategy was the most optimal style to promote the development of resilience, but marginalization was the least effective style.