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Much research on migrants has focused on single individuals; however, the large-scale movement of people from one society to another often includes families made up of parents, their children and other relatives. Over time, these families and their members settle into their new society; they experience the process of acculturation and eventually adapt to their new circumstances. The processes of acculturation and adaptation are highly variable across cultural groups, societies of settlement, families and individuals. Sometimes this process is challenging, and may engender disagreements and conflicts among members of a family about how to acculturate. Variations in these patterns allow for the examination of which acculturation experiences and strategies lead to better adaptations. This paper reviews some of the core concepts and frameworks for examining them, and presents some findings on how families and youth acculturate and adapt. It concludes with some suggestions for how to acculturate using the integration strategy to improve family and individual adaptations.

\"In culturally diverse societies, one of the biggest questions on our minds is 'how shall we all live together?' 'Mutual Intercultural Relations' offers an answer to this fundamental and topical issue. By exploring intercultural relationships between dominant/national and non-dominant/ethnic populations in seventeen societies around the world, the authors are each able to chart the respective views of those populations and generate 'universal' principles of intercultural relations. The research reported in this book is guided by three psychological hypotheses which are evaluated by empirical research. It was also carried out comparatively in order to gain knowledge about intercultural relations that may be general and not limited to a few social and political contexts. Understanding these general principles will offer help in the development of public policies and programmes designed to improve the quality of intercultural relations in culturally diverse societies around the world.\"--Page 4 of cover.

Understanding and managing increasing cultural diversity arising from immigration has become a prominent public issue in Canada and other immigrant resettlement countries. One issue discussed is the degree to which immigrants orient themselves to the new society and to their heritage cultures and religions. Another issue is the success that immigrants achieve in the receiving country, particularly their psychological well-being. Of central concern is the possible relationship between how immigrants orient themselves to their cultural and religious groups and their well-being; is there a way of living interculturally that is associated with better outcomes? This article examines these issues with large samples of immigrants and their descendants in Canada, using the concepts and measures of sense of belonging, religious identity, life satisfaction and mental health. Findings show that having multiple identities is associated with higher levels of life satisfaction and mental health. However, this general finding varies according to which identities are strong, and by religious group. These findings suggest that the promotion of both Canadian and heritage identities and of a religious identity among immigrants is the best path to achieve higher levels of psychological well-being in the multicultural Canadian society. La compréhension et la gestion de la diversité culturelle grandissante découlant de l'immigration constituent désormais une question d'intérêt public majeure au Canada et dans d'autres pays de réinstallation d'immigrants. Un des aspects discutés est le niveau selon lequel les immigrants s'orientent à l'égard de la nouvelle société et selon leur culture et leur religion respectives. Un autre aspect est le succès qu'atteignent les immigrants dans le pays d'accueil, en particulier en ce qui a trait à leur bien-être psychologique. Une des préoccupations centrales est la relation possible entre la façon dont les immigrants s'orientent à l'égard de leurs groupes culturels et religieux et leur bien-être : y a-t-il une façon de vivre de manière interculturelle associée à de meilleurs résultats? Cet article examine ces questions au moyen de grands échantillons d'immigrants et de leurs descendants au Canada, en utilisant des concepts et des mesures concernant le sentiment d'appartenance, l'identité religieuse, la satisfaction de vivre et la santé mentale. Les résultats révèlent qu'avoir des identités multiples est associé à des niveaux plus élevés de satisfaction de vivre et de santé mentale. Toutefois, ce résultat général varie selon lesquelles des identités sont fortes et selon le groupe religieux. Les résultats laissent croire que, parmi les immigrants, la promotion des identités à la fois canadienne et d'origine et d'une identité religieuse est la meilleure voie pour atteindre de hauts niveaux de bien-être psychologique dans la société multiculturelle du Canada. Public Significance Statement Public policy and practice need to be informed by these findings and conclusions for two reasons. First, there is a widespread backlash against multiculturalism internationally, which is viewed primarily only as the maintenance of cultural and religious beliefs and practices within and across immigrant generations. The present study shows that higher levels of wellbeing are promoted by such own-cultural and religious engagement. In particular, a strong identity with a religion group has psychological benefits mainly when it is combined with a strong identification with Canada and a heritage cultural group. Second, attention should also be given to the other main feature of Canadian multiculturalism: the intercultural contact and equitable participation of all cultural communities in the fabric of the larger Canadian society. Engaging with others, as well as with one's own group, clearly promotes psychological well-being.

International research has mostly confirmed the positive association between acculturation strategies and resilience in ethnic groups, but the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying the relationships are still under-investigated. The present study aimed to investigate the associations between acculturation strategies (based on two cultural identities) and resilience of 898 Qiang ethnicity volunteers (mean age = 29.5), especially exploring the mediating and moderating effects of personality, spiritual belief and social support on the relationship between acculturation strategy (using two cultural identities as latent variables in model analysis) and resilience following the occurrence of 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, taking such mechanisms into account. Results were as follows: (1) All variable presented significant positive correlations; (2) Consistent with the mediating hypotheses, personality and spiritual beliefs played a partial mediating role in the relationship between two cultural identities and resilience; (3) High or low level of perceived social support had a moderating effect on cultural identities and resilience; (4) The integration strategy was the most optimal style to promote the development of resilience, but marginalization was the least effective style.

Much international research has examined the various ways in which immigrants engage both their new society and their heritage culture, and the relationship between these ways of engagement and their wellbeing. The present study examines these ways of engagement and this relationship in a representative sample of 7,000 immigrants to Canada. Immigrants' sense of belonging to their source country and to Canada was used to assess their 2 cultural engagements; life satisfaction and self-rated mental health were used to assess their wellbeing. The study created 4 acculturation strategies from the 2 sense of belonging measures: high sense of belonging to both their source country and to Canada (integration), high for Canada and low for source country (assimilation), low for Canada and high for source country (separation), and low for both (marginalisation). We found that those using the integration and assimilation strategies had the highest scores of life satisfaction (but they did not differ from each other), while separation and marginalisation had significantly lower scores. For mental health, integration and separation had the highest scores (but did not differ from each other), while assimilation and marginalisation had significantly lower scores. We also found that the immigrant sample had significantly higher scores of life satisfaction and mental health than the nonimmigrants sample. In addition to the relationship with acculturation strategies, we examined some demographic and social predictors of life satisfaction and mental health. Some implications for settlement policy and practice and for service to immigrants are discussed. Une multitude de recherches à l'échelle internationale ont examiné les diverses façons dont les immigrants s'engagent à la fois à l'égard d'une nouvelle société et de leur culture d'origine, ainsi que la relation entre ces façons de s'engager et leur bien-être. La présente étude examine ces modes d'engagement et cette relation au moyen d'un échantillon de 7000 immigrants au Canada. Le sentiment d'appartenance des immigrants à l'égard de leur pays d'origine et du Canada a servi à évaluer leur engagement culturel à l'égard des deux pays; leur niveau autorapporté de satisfaction de vivre et de santé mentale a servi à évaluer leur bien-être. Quatre stratégies d'acculturation ont été dégagées à partir des deux mesures du sentiment d'appartenance : un sentiment élevé d'appartenance au pays d'origine et au Canada (intégration); un sentiment élevé d'appartenance au Canada, et un faible sentiment d'appartenance au pays d'origine (assimilation); un faible sentiment d'appartenance au Canada, et un sentiment élevé d'appartenance au pays d'origine (séparation); une faible sentiment d'appartenance aux deux pays (marginalisation). Nous avons constaté que les personnes ayant adopté les stratégies d'intégration et d'assimilation ont obtenu les plus hautes notes pour la satisfaction de vivre (sans être différentes), tandis que celles ayant adopté les stratégies de séparation et de marginalisation avaient des notes beaucoup plus basses. En outre, les personnes ayant adopté les stratégies d'intégration et de séparation ont obtenu les plus hautes notes dans l'évaluation de la santé mentale (sans être différentes), tandis que celles ayant adopté les stratégies d'assimilation et de marginalisation avaient des notes beaucoup plus basses. Nous avons aussi constaté que les immigrants de l'échantillon avaient des notes significativement plus élevées que l'échantillon de non-immigrants en ce qui a trait à la satisfaction de vivre et à la santé mentale. Nous avons aussi examiné des données démographiques et sociales pouvant prédire le niveau de satisfaction de vivre et de santé mentale. L'article se termine par les implications de ces résultats sur les politiques, les pratiques et les services concernant les immigrants.

\"Research and practice in the field of acculturation psychology is continually on the rise. Featuring contributions from over fifty leading experts in the field, this handbook compiles and systemizes the current state of the art by exploring the broad international scope of acculturation. The collection introduces readers to the concepts and issues; examines various acculturating groups (immigrants, ethnic minorities, indigenous peoples, expatriates, tourists, refugees and asylum seekers); highlights the global contexts for acculturation in a variety of societies; and focuses on acculturation of a number of special groups, such as young people, the workplace, and outcomes for health and well-being. This comprehensive new edition addresses major world changes over the last decade, including the increase in global migration, religious clashes, and social networking, and provides updated theories and models so that beginners and advanced readers can keep abreast of new developments in the study of acculturation\"-- Provided by publisher.

In this article, I outline some historical antecedents and some core concepts and frameworks that have guided my research on how to live together in culturally diverse societies. Next, I present some empirical evidence from research in Canada and internationally try to show that there are some psychological principles of intercultural relations that may be \"universal\" in the sense that they operate similarly in many societies. Each principle is rooted in the Canadian policy of multiculturalism, which seeks to promote more positive relations among all ethnocultural communities. I conclude that when individuals who live in culturally diverse societies are able to maintain their heritage identities and also engage in the daily life of the larger society, they achieve better psychological well-being, sociocultural competence, and intercultural relations. These outcomes are best accomplished when the larger society promotes and supports multiculturalism in both policy and programmes. Dans cet article, je présente quelques antécédents historiques et quelques concepts et cadres fondamentaux qui ont guidé mes recherches sur la manière de vivre ensemble dans des sociétés culturellement diverses. Ensuite, je présente quelques données empiriques issues de recherches menées au Canada et à l'étranger pour tenter de montrer qu'il existe certains principes psychologiques des relations interculturelles qui peuvent être « universels », en ce sens qu'ils fonctionnent de la même manière dans de nombreuses sociétés. Chaque principe est ancré dans la politique canadienne du multiculturalisme, qui cherche à promouvoir des relations plus positives entre toutes les communautés ethnoculturelles. J'en conclus que lorsque les individus qui vivent dans des sociétés culturellement diverses sont en mesure de conserver leur identité patrimoniale tout en s'engageant dans la vie quotidienne de la société dans son ensemble, ils parviennent à un meilleur bien-être psychologique, à de meilleures compétences socioculturelles et à de meilleures relations interculturelles. Ces résultats sont plus faciles à atteindre lorsque la société dans son ensemble promeut et soutient le multiculturalisme, tant au niveau des politiques que des programmes. Public Significance Statement Culturally diverse societies and their individual residents face the challenge of understanding and managing their intercultural relations. Psychological concepts and research are able to make contributions to the development of policies and programmes that may deal with these challenges. The goals of greater psychological well-being, sociocultural competence, and improved mutual intercultural acceptance may be attained when individuals are able to retain their cultural heritages while also participating equitably in the daily life of the larger society.