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A digital electrocardiogram (ECG) detector with low power consumption and high performance based on biorthogonal 2.2 wavelet transform and applicable for the modern implantable cardiac pacemakers is proposed in the present work. Biorthogonal 2.2 wavelet transform is chosen due to its high SNR, less number of coefficients, resemblance of shape with ECG wave and ability to increase QRS complex detection performance. Architecture of the proposed ECG detector includes modified biorthogonal 2.2 wavelet filter bank and a modified soft threshold-based QRS complex detector. Three low-pass filters and one high-pass filter with pipelined architecture are used which are lesser than the earlier designed detectors. Various blocks of proposed detector are designed to denoise the input ECG signal and then to find the correct location of R-wave. Verilog hardware description language for design entry, Modelsim embedded in Xilinx ISE v.14.1 for simulation, Virtex-6 FPGAs for synthesis and Xilinx ISE tools are used to measure the performance, area and power of the proposed ECG detector and its constituent blocks. A low detection error rate of 0.13%, positive predictivity (P+) of 99.94% and sensitivity (Se) of 99.92% are achieved for the proposed ECG detector which are better compared to the previous results. Also, it consumes only 20 mW of total power at 50 KHz and shows the overall delay of 18.924 ns which makes it useful for the low power and high-performance applications.

The cultivation and trade of underutilized fruits are gaining prominence worldwide, largely on account of their capacity to contribute to a nutritious diet. Manila tamarind [ Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth] is a fast-growing, nitrogen-fixing tree, with a fairly high tolerance to abiotic stresses. Despite significant potential in terms of food, fodder, timber, and medicine, it has largely remained an orphan crop. There is a dearth of systematic research on the exploration, conservation, and genetic improvement of Manila tamarind. Our study aimed to assess the genetic variability for commercially important fruit, aril, and leaf attributes in 22 diverse accessions of Manila tamarind comprising both white and red aril genotypes. Precise characterization of the existing genetic resources is a requisite for the commercial cultivation of Manila tamarind. The study was conducted with 15 white and 7 red accessions of P. dulce , which were planted in a square system of planting between and within row distances of 5 m each. One of the major contributions of the present study was that we examined genotypic variations in biochemical attributes, such as TSS, acidity, TSS: acidity ratio, total sugars, ascorbic acid, protein, mineral contents, and bioactive compounds; these factors significantly improve the nutritional value and eating quality of Manila tamarind arils. Most of the traits examined by us differed remarkably ( p  < 0.001) among the accessions. Some economically relevant traits, such as pulp weight, aril weight, aril total phenols, aril flavonoids, aril total antioxidant activity, and leaf flavonoids exhibited a high degree of variability, indicating the scope for the selection of elite genotypes and divergent parents for future hybridization programs. The highly variable values of total soluble solids (17.33–26.46 °Brix), acidity (0.54–1.07%), ascorbic acid (82.54-138.49 mg 100 g− 1), total sugars (12.45–18.81%), and aril protein (3.15–6.32%) recorded in this study broadly meet fresh consumption and aril processing standards for Manila tamarind. A significant finding was that Manila tamarind accessions differed greatly in aril mineral contents (mg/100 g FW), including potassium (220.44-334.33), phosphorus (21.63–62.34), and calcium (14.06–39.12). Overall, two red aril genotypes (CHESM-27 and CHESM-33), and three white aril genotypes (CHESM-4, CHESM-20, and CHESM-24) were found to be particularly promising in terms of pod and aril quality attributes. Our findings are expected to pay the way for commercial cultivation of elite Manila tamarind genotypes, and their applications in pharmaceutical applications. Future studies should aim to elucidate the molecular basis of genetic diversity and relationships in Manila tamarind.

The failure of an embankment causes loss of lives, massive damage to infrastructure and the interruption of basic facilities; it has thus drawn increasing attention from researchers. When compared to other types of embankment disasters, overtopping-related embankment breaches are much more frequent. The study of the breach mechanism of embankments due to overtopping is becoming more and more essential for developing evacuation plans, early warning systems and damage assessment. To recognize the breach activities of embankments, it is necessary to find out discrete breach considerations like breach depth, breach initiation, breach width, etc. In the present study, a total of six tests were performed in a narrow flume using an embankment model. By conducting different experiments, it was observed that embankment breaching may be described in three stages, i.e., initial erosion, headcut erosion and lateral erosion. Furthermore, erosion is a three-dimensional process that occurs during embankment breaching, with the majority of erosion movement being associated with lateral broadening. The rate of headcut migration also has an impact on the widening rate. Furthermore, it depends upon the type of fill material and dam geometry. Also, the observed effect of moisture content on breach widening proved that the rate of widening was strongly influenced by water content. A drop of about 50% in moisture content causes approximately a 20% decrease in time to failure. In the present study, it is observed that breach shape could not be assumed to be regular shape like rectangle or trapezoid, as described in the literature. The trials were carried out in a narrow flume under constant hydraulic conditions, which are two of the study’s limitations.

The study of embankment breaching is not an easy practice, as it includes various parameters to meet the suitability of the design approach, especially when we consider it for the long term. Embankment breach studies generally include the prediction of different breach parameters. The important physical and hydrodynamic parameters of the flood wave generated from the embankment failure are breach width, breach slope, formation time, peak outflow, and time to failure. Out of these parameters, peak outflow is a very important breach parameter, as it deflects the magnitude of destruction on the downstream side of the embankment and affects the evacuation plans for the downstream population. The prediction of breach peak outflow due to overtopping of the embankment is very essential for dam failure prevention and mitigation, as well as for the design of an early warning system. Many researchers have used dam failure data, comparative studies, experimental studies, or regression techniques to develop various models for predicting peak outflow. The present paper analyzes the results of the design for forty experiments carried out in two different laboratory water channels (flumes). Different embankment models are overtopped with the objective of studying the breach behavior during overtopping. The study was inspired by reports in the open literature of embankment failures that resulted in catastrophic conditions. With experimental data, an efficient model is developed for predicting breach peak outflow (Qp) by correlating with other independent embankment breach parameters for cohesive as well as non-cohesive embankments. The model is validated with historical and laboratory data compiled in the past. For the validation of current investigational work, the experimental data of the present study are compared with the model already developed by other researchers. From the study and analysis, it is observed that breach peak outflow depends upon hydraulic, geometric, and geotechnical parameters of embankments. Being a phenomenon that is active for a short duration only, the manual measurement of various parameters of the modeling process poses some limitations under laboratory conditions.

Dates are considered high energy nutritional fruits as they are packed with plenty of minerals, vitamins and sugars. Among various options available for processing and value addition, dry dates are one of the best possible alternatives to convert doka/khalal stage fruit into a high value product. However, the technology for their production is limited to a few traditional date growing countries and research is limited in the countries with expanding areas. Thus, the protocol for development of dry dates was standardised and the effect of different blanching intervals (5, 10 and 15 min) on the drying and quality parameters were studied. The rate of drying, dehydration ratio and rehydration ratio were found to increase with increasing hot water dipping durations while a 10 min hot water dip was found to be best for retaining the best sensory parameters of taste, colour/appearance and flavour. The total colour difference (ΔE) was also maximal (71.10) in the date fruits exposed to a 10 min dip treatment. The reducing sugars decreased and non-reducing sugars increased with increasing hot water dipping periods while there was no significant variation in the total sugar content of the treated dates. The tannins responsible for acrid taste were also reduced to a minimum (1.43%) compared to control (2.52%) fruits. Thus, the fruits of date cv. Medjool being bulky and fibrous with more dry matter content are well suited for dry date preparation.

Objective: To compare the levels of serum 25 Hydroxyvitamin D levels after a single large oral dose (60,000 IU) of different vitamin D3 formulations. Materials and Methods: Ninety-one volunteers with mild vitamin D deficiency (18-29 ng/ml) were selected and randomly assigned to three parallel groups. Groups-I received liquid, Group-II received sachet, and Group-III received tablet formulation of cholecalciferol as a single dose of 60,000 IU orally after 8-10 h of overnight fasting. Serum 25(OH) D concentrations were measured at baseline, 24 h, 7 days, and 14 days after drug administration. Various hematology and biochemical parameters were also assessed for baseline safety evaluation. Results: Baseline serum 25(OH) D concentrations in Groups I (liquid), II (sachet), and III (tablet) was 24.75 ± 4.77 ng/mL, 23.25 ± 4.15 ng/mL, and 23.18 ± 5.52 ng/mL, respectively. After supplemented with three formulations, only tablet group after 24 h showed increase in serum 25-OH-D concentration of 8.07 units from its baseline. Whereas after 7th day, no significant difference in absorption was observed but after 14th day, all three groups showed increase in serum 25-OH-D concentration, in which tablet group (50.10 ± 94.99 ng/ml) showed highest increase in absorption (26.92 units) from their baseline values. During intergroup comparison between three formulations at the time of investigation, only liquid group after 24 h showed increased serum concentration by P values (0.03, 0.02) as compared to sachet and tablet group. However, After 7th and 14th day, there was no statistically difference was observed between three groups. Conclusion: Single oral dose of 60,000 IU dose of vitamin D liquid formulation has higher absorption value as after 24 h and tablet formulation showed higher absorption after 7th days. In emergency paucity of vitamin D, these observations findings can have critical conclusions to state the suitable dietary formulation of vitamin D.

In the present study, Aceclofenac emulgel formulation was successfully develops to improve patient compliance by lowering the gastrointestinal and other systemic-side effects. Five Emulgel formulations (F1-F5) with different concentration of gelling agent carbopol 934 were prepared. Formulation developed (F1-F5) shows acceptable physical properties like appearance, Consistency, extrudability and viscosity. Drug content of all formulations were also within limits. In-Vitro release test were also carried out using phosphate buffer pH 7.4 as receptor medium. Release study indicated drug release form the formulations with varying concentration of polymers. Formulation F4 shows maximum drug release i.e. 99.53±0.12% in 24 hours and was selected as the best optimized formulation. Formulation found to be stable with respect to physical appearance, pH and drug content at all temperature and condition for 1 month. Hence Emulgel of Aceclofenac is one of the better

Background To screen the newborn by Transient evoked Otoacoustic emission and to assess the incidence of hearing damage and associated risk factors. Method This longitudinal prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in India. A total of 415 babies were included in the study. All the newborns were evaluated with Transient evoked Otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) which was done by age of 1–3 days. Auditory brain stem response audiometry (AABR) was performed at the age of three months for confirming the hearing loss in the neonates those who failed the TEOAE screening. For infants proven to have significant hearing loss in one or both ears, were denoted to an ear, nose, and throat specialist for further evaluation & rehabilitation. Results Out of total 415 babies included in the study, 22 neonates showed abnormal TEOAE examination. Out of these 22 neonates, hearing loss was confirmed in 18 (82 %) subjects. by AABR. The following antenatal and post-natal risk factors were associated with hearing loss: ante-partum bleeding, history of maternal blood transfusion, fetal distress, prematurity, severe birth asphyxia, NICU admission for more than 24 h and Apgar score less than five at 5 min. Conclusion Late identification of hearing loss presents a substantial public health burden. Early recognition and intervention prior to 6 months of age has a significant positive impact on development. A high incidence of hearing impairment seen in our study neonatal population warrants the urgent implementation of universal hearing screening of all the newborn infants in India. NICU infants admitted for more than 24 h are to have an auditory brainstem response (AABR) included as part of their screening so that neural hearing loss will not be missed.