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This article is an ecocritical study of three of T. S. Eliot’s most notable works: “The Waste Land”, “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”, and “The Hollow Men”. The poems are analyzed in detail and in relation with one another to highlight Eliot’s understanding of man’s relationship with nature through an elemental, ecomythical, and ecoreligious study. The article pursues a pattern in Eliot’s writing of a Man-Nature relationship as it focuses on the ways in which nature interacts with and influences man’s life, emotions, and faith.

This article is an ecocritical study of three of T. S. Eliot’s most notable works:“The Waste Land”, “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”, and “The Hollow Men”. The poems are analyzed in detail and in relation with one another to highlight Eliot’s understanding of man’s relationship with nature through an elemental, ecomythical, and ecoreligious study. The article pursues a pattern in Eliot’s writing of a Man-Nature relationship as it focuses on the ways in which nature interacts with and influences man’s life, emotions, and faith.

In Marilynne Robinson’s Home, though Jack revisits his childhood place, he is unable to find a sense of being at home. Using Martin Heidegger’s theory of ‘being’ and ‘dwelling’, this article analyses the notion of ‘homelessness’, as reflected in Jack. While this article projects the significance of physical dwelling through the notion of ‘homecoming’, it highlights the vital importance of psychological dwelling in achieving the meaning of home. The article uses Martin Heidegger’s conception of homelessness as a key theory to maintain that Jack’s homelessness is a result of his incoherent being with the space he came to revisit. It also uses theories of psychology and space as sub-theories to enrich the discussion.

This article analyzes home-space in Marilynne Robinson's Housekeeping (1981). In this novel, Ruth shows that the house, which was earlier peaceful and harmonious during the life of her grandmother, becomes ineffective with the coming of her aunt Sylvie. In discussing how Robinson epitomizes the meaning of dwelling as well as homelessness, I show how the characters relate to their domestic place, both physically and psychologically. I illustrate the powerful relation between the individual dweller and the space he/she inhabits. In so doing, I use the theory of genius loci or The Spirit of Place that the Norwegian architect Christian Norberg-Schulz conceptualizes in relation to the existence of place as a being. By using this theory as a way to provide a fresh look at Robinson's novel, I discuss Housekeeping as a narrative about spatial crisis. I show how the domestic place metamorphoses from meaningfulness to meaninglessness.

This study holds an interest in the short story \"Eveline\" by James Joyce as a psychological story that projects a realistic description of an individual's complex thoughts at moments of decision. A nineteen-year-old woman, Eveline stands by a window in her room watching the evening and listening to passing footsteps but meanwhile brings into her mind memories and thoughts about herself and her family, past, present, and future. By using the psychological theories of Sigmund Freud of the conscious and the unconscious, this article endeavors to elucidate Joyce's narration of Eveline's stream of consciousness as she decides to elope with her lover Frank. While representing the character's psychological structure graphically, I demonstrate that her psychic activity consists of repressed energy and of activity of all levels of consciousness. Finally, this study ultimately presents a feminist and materialist analysis of \"Eveline\" that projects the conditions of early twentieth- century Dublin.

This paper investigates novel GA-based hybrid artificial immune system (AIS) for the permutation flowshop scheduling problems (PFSP) that minimizes the makespan. The proposed approaches aim to show that the efficiency of GAs in solving flowshop problems can be improved significantly by tailoring the various AIS operators to suit the problem structure. The proposed hybridization scheme is applied in two ways: (1) the first hybrid of GA and AIS introduces vaccination (Jiao and Wang, IEEE Trans Syst Man Sybernetics Part A Syst Hum 30(5):552–561, 2000 ) into the field of GAs based on the theory of immunity in biology, (2) the second takes its inspiration on the immune network theory (Perelson, Immunol Rev 110(1):5–36, 1989 ), and applied it to the field of GAs. The proposed hybrid metaheuristics produce high quality solutions as proved by the tests performed over Taillard’s (Eur J Oper Res 64(2):278–285, 1993 ) well-known flowshop scheduling benchmarks and corroborated by the comparisons we did with the most frequently referred in the related literature and recently developed hybrid GAs, including genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimization, and other advanced and recent techniques. Furthermore, the effects of some parameters are discussed.