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Diagnostic histopathology is a gold standard for diagnosing hematopoietic malignancies. Pathologic diagnosis requires labor-intensive reading of a large number of tissue slides with high diagnostic accuracy equal or close to 100 percent to guide treatment options, but this requirement is difficult to meet. Although artificial intelligence (AI) helps to reduce the labor of reading pathologic slides, diagnostic accuracy has not reached a clinically usable level. Establishment of an AI model often demands big datasets and an ability to handle large variations in sample preparation and image collection. Here, we establish a highly accurate deep learning platform, consisting of multiple convolutional neural networks, to classify pathologic images by using smaller datasets. We analyze human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and non-DLBCL pathologic images from three hospitals separately using AI models, and obtain a diagnostic rate of close to 100 percent (100% for hospital A, 99.71% for hospital B and 100% for hospital C). The technical variability introduced by slide preparation and image collection reduces AI model performance in cross-hospital tests, but the 100% diagnostic accuracy is maintained after its elimination. It is now clinically practical to utilize deep learning models for diagnosis of DLBCL and ultimately other human hematopoietic malignancies. Replacing diagnostic histopathology with AI-based tools requires large training datasets and robustness to sample variability. Here, the authors present a deep learning platform with high accuracy in large diffuse B-cell lymphoma diagnosis across multiple hospitals, trained on small datasets.

A multiscale regulation strategy has been demonstrated for synthetic energy storage enhancement in a tetragonal tungsten bronze structure ferroelectric. Grain refining and second-phase precipitation (perovskite phase) are introduced in the BaSrTiNb 2-x Ta x O 9 ceramics by regulating the composition and sintering process. Disordered polarization and distribution, chemical inhomogeneity, and insulating boundary layers are achieved to provide the fundamental structural origin of the relaxation characteristic, high breakdown strength, and superior energy storage performance. Thus, an ultrahigh energy storage density of 12.2 J cm −3 with an low energy consumption was achieved at an electric field of 950 kV cm −1 . This is the highest known energy storage performance in tetragonal tungsten bronze-based ferroelectric. Notably, this ceramic shows remarkable stability over frequency, temperature, and cycling electric fields. This work brings new material candidates and structure design for developing of energy storage capacitors apart from the predominant perovskite ferroelectric ceramics. The authors enhance energy storage performance in tetragonal tungsten bronze structure ferroelectrics using a multiscale regulation strategy. By adjusting the composition and sintering process of BaSrTiNb 2-x Ta x O 9 ceramics, they introduce grain refinement and perovskite second-phase precipitation.

Background To date, exon capture has largely been restricted to species with fully sequenced genomes, which has precluded its application to lineages that lack high quality genomic resources. We developed a novel strategy for designing array-based exon capture in chipmunks ( Tamias ) based on de novo transcriptome assemblies. We evaluated the performance of our approach across specimens from four chipmunk species. Results We selectively targeted 11,975 exons (~4 Mb) on custom capture arrays, and enriched over 99% of the targets in all libraries. The percentage of aligned reads was highly consistent (24.4-29.1%) across all specimens, including in multiplexing up to 20 barcoded individuals on a single array. Base coverage among specimens and within targets in each species library was uniform, and the performance of targets among independent exon captures was highly reproducible. There was no decrease in coverage among chipmunk species, which showed up to 1.5% sequence divergence in coding regions. We did observe a decline in capture performance of a subset of targets designed from a much more divergent ground squirrel genome (30 My), however, over 90% of the targets were also recovered. Final assemblies yielded over ten thousand orthologous loci (~3.6 Mb) with thousands of fixed and polymorphic SNPs among species identified. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the potential of a transcriptome-enabled, multiplexed, exon capture method to create thousands of informative markers for population genomic and phylogenetic studies in non-model species across the tree of life.

Background Two months after the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, tens of thousands of hospitalized patients had recovered, and little is known about the follow-up of the recovered patients. Methods The clinical characteristics, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results from throat swab specimens and the results of serological COVID-19 rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were retrospectively reviewed for a total of 758 recovered patients who were previously hospitalized in 17 hospitals and quarantined at 32 rehabilitation stations in Wuhan, China. Results In total, 59 patients (7.78%) had recurrent positive findings for COVID-19 on RT-PCR from throat swabs. With regard to antibody detection, 50/59 (84.75%) and 4/59 (6.78%) patients had positive IgG or dual positive IgG/IgM RDT results, respectively. Conclusions Some patients who had been quarantined and had subsequently recovered from COVID-19 had recurrent positive RT-PCR results for SARS-CoV-2, and the possibility of transmission of the virus by recovered patients needs further investigation. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ChiCTR2000033580 , Jun 6th 2020. Retrospectively registered.

Maintaining high charge/discharge efficiency while enhancing discharged energy density is crucial for energy storage dielectric films applied in electrostatic capacitors. Here, a nano-submicron structural film comprising ferroelectric material P(VDF-HFP) and linear dielectric material PMMA has been flexibly designed via the electrospinning process. Nano-submicron structure enables the film to maximize the ferroelectric material component and obtain improved dielectric performance without sacrificing breakdown strength and charge/discharge efficiency. As a result, the 40%-420 nm PMMA-P(VDF-HFP)@PMMA sample achieved an discharged energy density of 13.72 J/cm³ at a field of 740 kV/mm, with an impressive charge/discharge efficiency of 80%. This work presents a composite dielectric film that excels in breakdown strength, discharged energy density, and charge/discharge efficiency, offering a strategy for designing reliable, industrial-grade energy storage dielectrics. The authors prepare an all-organic dielectric film with a nano-submicron surface layer via electrospinning technology, achieving a simultaneous improvement in the discharged energy density and charge/discharge efficiency.

A gene named zenc, encoding a zearalenone lactonase from Neurospora crassa, was over-expressed in Pichia pastoris. The zenc gene is 888-bp in length, encoding a 295-residue polypeptide. Purified ZENC has maximal activity at pH 8.0 and 45 °C, and is highly stable at pH 6.0–8.0 for 1 h at 37 °C. The activity of the secreted enzyme in shaken-flask fermentation was 40.0 U/ml. A high-density fermentation of the ZENC-producing recombinant strain was performed in a 30-l fermenter and the maximal enzyme activity reached 290.6 U/ml. The Km, Vmax and specific activity toward zearalenone are 38.63 μM, 23.8 μM/s/mg and 530.4 U/mg, respectively. ZENC can resist metal ions and inhibitors to some extent. We applied the enzyme into three different kinds of animal feed. On addition of ZENC (800 U) to distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), maize by-products and corn bran (25 g), the concentration of zearalenone was reduced by 70.9%, 88.9% and 94.7% respectively. All these properties of ZENC are promising for applications in the animal feed and food industries.

Piezoelectric ceramics based on lead zirconate titanate are widely used in sensors, actuators, and transducers, but achieving high density and reliable performance for high-power applications remains a major challenge. This study explores optimization of high-power performance through hot-pressing. The combined effect of external pressure and sintering aids reduces the sintering temperature from 1175 °C to 900 °C, minimizing lead volatilization while promoting densification. Sintering in an inert atmosphere generates oxygen vacancies that act as domain-pinning centers, thereby enhancing the stability of piezoelectric properties under high-power conditions. Hot-pressed ceramics reach a maximum vibration velocity of 2.5 m/s, compared with 1.7 m/s for conventionally sintered samples, and the mechanical quality factor remains far more stable at elevated vibration levels. These results provide a practical pathway to improve the durability, efficiency, and reliability of piezoelectric devices in demanding high-power applications. The authors show that hot-pressing markedly improves high-power performance. In the hot-pressing process, the combined effect of applied pressure and sintering aids reduces the sintering temperature, which not only minimizes lead volatilization but also promotes densification.

Osteoporosis (OP) is a prevalent age-related bone metabolic disease. Aging and mitochondrial dysfunction are involved in the onset and progression of OP, but the specific mechanisms have not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to identify novel potential biomarkers associated with aging and mitochondria in OP. In this study, based on GEO database, aging-related and mitochondria-related differentially expressed genes (AR&MRDEGs) were screened. The AR&MRDEGs were enriched in mitochondrial structure and function. Then, 6 key genes were identified by WGCNA and multiple machine learning, and a novel diagnostic model was constructed. The efficacy of diagnostic model was validated using external datasets. The results showed that diagnostic model had favorable diagnostic prediction ability. Next, key gene regulatory networks were constructed and single-gene GSEA analysis was performed. In addition, based on a single-cell dataset from OP, single-cell differentially expressed genes (scDEGs) were identified. The results revealed that aging-related and mitochondria-related genes (AR&MRGs) were enriched in the ERK pathway in tissue stem cells (TSCs), and in mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization in monocytes. Cellular communication analysis showed that TSCs were active, with numerous signaling interactions with monocytes, macrophages and immune cells. Finally, the expression of key gene was verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). This study is expected to provide strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of OP targeting aging and mitochondria.

Photoelectrocatalytic CO2 reduction to CO was achieved on Cu2O/Cu2S nanoparticles which are immobilized in TiO2 nanocavity array. The Cu2S shell was obtained by ions exchange reaction of O2− and S2− on the surface of Cu2O by a chemical vapor deposition with Na2S precursor. This coating can protect the Cu2O nanoparticle from photocorrosion during photocatalysis. The lower resistance and plasmonic absorbance endow a superior activity of the Cu2O/Cu2S heterostructures toward photoelectrochemical reduction of CO2. It exhibits a current density of 10.7 mA cm−2 at the overpotential of − 0.26 V with a CO faradaic efficiency (FE) higher than 81%. The excellent photo-assisted catalytic performance (photo-induced current increment is more than 50%) is attributed to the localized surface plasmonic resonance of Cu2S coatings and highly ordered hierarchical structure of the Cu2O/Cu2S nanoparticles, which facilitate charge carrier separation and mass transfer. These hybrid electrodes demonstrate a long-term stability by resisting photocorrosion within 5 h with a higher FE of CO2 to CO conversion.

Many species have experienced dramatic changes in their abundance and distribution during recent climate change, but it is often unclear whether such ecological responses are accompanied by evolutionary change. We used targeted exon sequencing of 294 museum specimens (160 historic, 134 modern) to generate independent temporal genomic contrasts spanning a century of climate change (1911-2012) for two co-distributed chipmunk species: an endemic alpine specialist (Tamias alpinus) undergoing severe range contraction and a stable mid-elevation species (T. speciosus). Using a novel analytical approach, we reconstructed the demographic histories of these populations and tested for evidence of recent positive directional selection. Only the retracting species showed substantial population genetic fragmentation through time and this was coupled with positive selection and substantial shifts in allele frequencies at a gene, Alox15, involved in regulation of inflammation and response to hypoxia. However, these rapid population and gene-level responses were not detected in an analogous temporal contrast from another area where T. alpinus has also undergone severe range contraction. Collectively, these results highlight that evolutionary responses may be variable and context dependent across populations, even when they show seemingly synchronous ecological shifts. Our results demonstrate that temporal genomic contrasts can be used to detect very recent evolutionary responses within and among contemporary populations, even in the face of complex demographic changes. Given the wealth of specimens archived in natural history museums, comparative analyses of temporal population genomic data have the potential to improve our understanding of recent and ongoing evolutionary responses to rapidly changing environments.