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The inhibition of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis has exhibited significant advancements in cancer immunotherapy, improving patient outcomes in various cancers. However, the clinical efficacy of these monotherapies remains limited in many cases. Integrin αvβ3 has been identified as a positive regulator of PD-L1 expression and a critical contributor to cancer immune evasion. To address this, we developed a dual function antibody, B1451, that recognizes both PD-L1 and αvβ3 and evaluated its antitumor efficacy in pre-clinical models and . We first analyzed the correlation between PD-L1 and αvβ3 expression, as well as the role of αvβ3 in modulating sensitivity to immunotherapy, using the TISIDB database. Subsequently, we designed and constructed a dual function PD-L1×αvβ3 antibody (B1451) by conjugating an integrin αvβ3-binding peptide to the C-terminal of the heavy chain of the anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody, Atezolizumab, using a (G4S)×3 linker. The antitumor efficacy of B1451 was then evaluated in preclinical models and . Our findings demonstrated a significant positive correlation between the gene expression of PD-L1 and αvβ3 across various human solid tumors. Additionally, high αvβ3 expression appears to influence the sensitivity to immunotherapy. The dual function antibody B1451 was capable of recognizing human PD-L1 and αvβ3 antigens, effectively blocking both the PD-1/PD-L1 and vitronectin/αvβ3 pathways. B1451 inhibited tumor cell migration, adhesion, and angiogenesis , and exhibited superior anti-tumor activity than monotherapy. The dual function antibody targeting both αvβ3 and PD-L1 holds the potential to reverse immune evasion and exhibit synergistic anti-tumor effects, offering a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of solid tumor.

Exposure to extreme temperature events (ETEs) and ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been linked to an increased risk of pneumonia mortality, but their interactive effects remain largely unknown. We investigated 50,196 pneumonia deaths from 2015 to 2022 in Jiangsu province, China, with a time-stratified case-crossover design. An individual-level exposure to heat wave, cold spell, and PM2.5 was assessed at each subject’s residential address using validated grid datasets. Conditional logistic regression models integrated with a distributed lag nonlinear model were used to quantitatively estimate both independent and interactive effects. With different ETE definitions, the cumulative odds ratio (OR) of pneumonia mortality associated with heat wave and cold spell ranged from 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14, 1.31) to 1.60 (1.40, 1.81), and from 1.08 (1.002, 1.17) to 1.18 (1.01, 1.38), respectively, while the OR for PM2.5 ranged from 1.013 (1.006, 1.021) to 1.016 (1.009, 1.024). We observed a synergistic effect (relative excess risk due to interaction [RERI] ranging from 0.40 [0.06, 0.76] to 1.16 [0.41, 2.09]) of co-exposure to heat wave and PM2.5, as well as an antagonistic effect (RERI ranging from −0.20 [−0.40, −0.03] to −1.02 [−1.78, −0.38]) of co-exposure to cold spell and PM2.5 on pneumonia mortality. It was estimated that up to 6.49% of pneumonia deaths were attributable to heat wave and PM2.5 exposures. We found that heat wave and cold spell interacted oppositely with PM2.5 to increase the odds of pneumonia mortality, highlighting the needs to reduce co-exposures to heat wave and PM2.5.

Tumor Metabolism is strongly correlated with prognosis. Nevertheless, the prognostic and therapeutic value of metabolic-associated genes in BCa patients has not been fully elucidated. First, in this study, metabolism-related differential expressed genes DEGs with prognostic value in BCa were determined. Through the consensus clustering algorithm, we identified two molecular clusters with significantly different clinicopathological features and survival prognosis. Next, a novel metabolism-related prognostic model was established. Its reliable predictive performance in BCa was verified by multiple external datasets. Multivariate Cox analysis exhibited that risk score were independent prognostic factors. Interestingly, GSEA enrichment analysis of GO, KEGG, and Hallmark gene sets showed that the biological processes and pathways associated with ECM and collagen binding in the high-risk group were significantly enriched. Notely, the model was also significantly correlated with drug sensitivity, immune cell infiltration, and immunotherapy efficacy prediction by the wilcox rank test and chi-square test. Based on the 7 immune infiltration algorithm, we found that Neutrophils, Myeloid dendritic cells, M2 macrophages, Cancer-associated fibroblasts, etc., were more concentrated in the high-risk group. Additionally, in the IMvigor210, GSE111636, GSE176307, or our Truce01 (registration number NCT04730219) cohorts, the expression levels of multiple model genes were significantly correlated with objective responses to anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy. Finally, the expression of interested model genes were verified in 10 pairs of BCa tissues and para-carcinoma tissues by the HPA and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Altogether, the signature established and validated by us has high predictive power for the prognosis, immunotherapy responsiveness, and chemotherapy sensitivity of BCa.

With the development of information technology, the problem of electromagnetic pollution was increasingly prominent. At present, it had brought serious harm to electronic equipment and biology. Microwave absorption (MA) materials were the key to solve this problem. One-dimensional (1D) carbon-based magnetic composites were prepared by compounding with carbon materials, which improved the deficiency of ferromagnetic MA materials. In this review, the unique advantages of 1D carbon-based magnetic composites were discussed in detail. Firstly, the preparation methods of carbon fibers with different structures were reviewed, including the important roles of these structures in MA. After that, the properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) combined with different magnetic materials were introduced. The biomass-derived 1D carbon materials possessed the unique structure, which was obtained difficultly by artificial ways. Their advantages and current progress for MA were analyzed in detail. Finally, according to the current development of MA materials, the challenges and research prospects of 1D carbon-based magnetic composites were discussed, and some suggestions were proposed as well.

PurposeMost Pseudomonas spp. are iron (Fe) redox cycling bacteria, which are common in the rhizosphere of wetland plants. The purpose of this work was to investigate the influence of P. sp. SCSWA09, a Fe reducing bacterium isolated from mangrove plant Kandelia obovata, on the development of Fe plaques as well as the accumulation and translocation of heavy metals (HMs) in K. obovata.MethodsA controlled experiment was conducted in a climate chamber using K. obovata as model plants to evaluate the effect of P. sp. SCSWA09 on the development of Fe plaque and the plants' response to HM stress under periodic flooding conditions.ResultsThe results demonstrated that SCSWA09 had a clear capacity to reduce Fe (III). K. obovata seedlings inoculated with SCSWA09 showed considerably lower levels of Fe plaque production than uninoculated seedlings, notably the amorphous Fe plaque. Periodic flooding accelerated the transformation of amorphous Fe (hydrogen) oxide into crystalline Fe (hydrogen) oxide in Fe plaque, and SCSWA09 inoculation accelerated this process. The buildup of Cr and Cu in K. obovata roots steadily reduced as the flooding period rose, but SCSWA09 inoculation significantly increased Cr translocation to K. obovata leaves.ConclusionBoth SCSWA09 and periodic flooding enhanced the crystallinity of iron (hydr-) oxides in the treatment solution and Fe plaque, which influenced HM absorption and translocation in plants.

Purpose HPV integration usually occurs in HPV-related cancer, and is the main cause of cancer. But the carcinogenic mechanism of HPV integration is unclear. The study aims to provide a theoretical basis for understanding the pathogenesis of cervical adenocarcinoma (AC) and cervical squamous carcinoma (SCC). Methods We used HPV capture sequencing to obtain HPV integration sites in AC and SCC, and analyzed cytobands, distribution of genetic and genomic elements, identified integration hotspot genes, clinicopathological parameters, breakpoints of HPV16 and performed pathway analysis. Then we conducted immunohistochemical (IHC) assay to preliminarily verify the expression of most frequently integrated genes in AC, STARD3 and ERBB2. Results The results revealed that the most frequently observed integrated cytoband was 17q12 in AC and 21p11.2 in SCC, respectively. The breakpoints in both AC and SCC were more tended to occur within gene regions, compared to intergenetic regions. Compared to SCC samples, AC samples had a higher prevalence of genomic elements. In AC, HPV integration has no significantly difference with clinicopathological parameters, but in SCC integration correlated with differentiation ( P  < 0.05). Breakpoints of HPV in SCC located in LCR more frequently compared to AC, which destroyed the activation of promoter p97. Hotspot genes of HPV integration were STARD3 and ERBB2 in AC, and RNA45S rDNA and MIR3648-1 in SCC, respectively. Meanwhile, we preliminarily proved that the expression of STARD3 and ERBB2, the most frequently integrated genes, would increase after integration. Conclusion These results suggested that HPV may utilize the powerful hosts’ promoters to express viral oncogenes and overexpression of viral oncogenes plays a significant role in the carcinogenesis of SCC. In AC, HPV integration may affect hosts’ oncogenes, and the dysregulation of oncogenes may primarily contribute to progression of AC.

Aims The objective of this study was to investigate the response of the iron (Fe) (hydr-) oxides-bounded organic carbon (Fe-OC) process, characterized by the interaction of Fe (hydr-) oxides with soil organic carbon (SOC) in coastal wetlands, to different flooding and soil salinity conditions. Methods The study concentrated on Scirpus mariqueter in the Yangtze River Estuary, analyzing variations in various forms of Fe (hydr-) oxides, Fe-OC, and Fe redox cycling bacteria in the rhizosphere and bulk soils under diverse flooding and soil salinity conditions. Results The study found that during the growing season, the levels of crystalline (Fe DH ) and amorphous (Fe HH ) Fe (hydr-) oxides were elevated compared to the non-growing season. In the rhizosphere, around 80% of SOC was associated with Fe (hydr-) oxides, significantly higher than the 50% in bulk soil. Elevated areas in the tidal flat exhibited increased Fe DH , Fe HH , and total Fe content in rhizosphere soils. Soils with higher salinity had more Fe (hydr-) oxides compared to low salinity soils. Furthermore, salinity reduced the prevalence of Gallionella and Geobacter , which are conducive to the preservation of Fe HH , leading to a greater Fe HH -OC ratio in the total SOC. Conclusions The bond between Fe (hydr-) oxides and SOC in soils becomes stronger during the growth season of S. mariqueter . The Fe-OC process’s reaction to environmental factors like salinity and flooding profoundly affects the dynamics of SOC in wetland ecosystems. These findings are essential for wetland management, emphasizing the need to preserve these ecosystems for their role in SOC sequestration.

Microwave absorption (MA) materials are widely used in military and civilian applications to solve electromagnetic wave absorption and attenuation problems. The generation of high-performance materials containing extensive absorption frequency, strong absorption capacity and light weight has become a research focus in the field of MA. Magnetic materials have a wide range of applications due to their intrinsic ferromagnetic resonance absorption capacity. In addition to the inherent electromagnetic properties, the microstructure and morphology of the absorption material also have important influences on the electromagnetic wave absorption properties. One-dimensional (1D) nanostructure is considered to be beneficial microscopic morphology due to their unique shape anisotropy. The high aspect ratio is conducive to electron conduction and further increases the conduction loss capability. This review introduced the research progress of 1D magnetic nanomaterials in MA and categorized them from the viewpoint of preparation methods. Challenges and prospects were proposed toward the development of 1D magnetic nanomaterials in MA, which indicated the directions and priorities for future research.

Context Salt marsh landscapes at the land-sea interfaces exhibit contrasting spatiotemporal dynamics, resulting from varying physical constraints that limit new marsh establishment. The expansion of salt marsh landscapes towards the sea or their retreat towards the land is determined by patch-level changes, relying on the balance of power between the intrinsic biota traits and external physical disturbances. Objectives Examine how marsh dynamics respond to physical constraints, and clarify the pathway from coupled physical processes involving hydrodynamic forces, sediment transport, and morphological changes to rapid patch evolution and landscape changes. Methods We defined and distinguished four types of marsh changes based on patch proximities from five-month drone images in two typical marsh pioneer zones of the Yangtze Estuary, China: outlying expansion, edge expansion, infilling expansion, and retreat. Hydrodynamics and sediment transport were synchronously measured and compared near the two marsh edges, and morphological changes were generated by drone-derived digital elevation models (DEMs). Results We identified distinct seasonal patterns of net marsh expansion at the accretion-prone site, that is: Net marsh expansion started from the outlying expansion in spring, followed by edge expansion in summer and infilling expansion in autumn. However, at the erosion-prone site that experienced high bed shear stress, low sediment availability and high seaward sediment transport, we only observed limited infilling and edge expansion in spring. This suggests that the potential for long-distance patch formation beyond the initial marsh edges is diminished in areas subjected to intensive physical disturbances. Conclusions Patch evolution dynamics in response to site-specific physical constraints drive state differentiation of salt marsh landscape changes. Consequently, the heterogeneous evolution in salt marsh landscapes should be taken into account in restoration practice.

Excessive discharge of toxic dyes is detrimental to ecological system and human health. Therefore, an effective photocatalyst must be designed and developed to degrade dyes from wastewater. Herein, a novel one-dimensional (1D) flower-like recoverable ZnFe 2 O 4 /C/MnO 2 /BiOI magnetic composite photocatalyst was synthesized via electrospinning technique combined with hydrothermal method. The photocatalytic activities of composite photocatalyst were evaluated by degrading methyl orange (MO) and Rhodamine B (RhB) under simulated light irradiation. The efficiency of ZnFe 2 O 4 /C/MnO 2 /BiOI photocatalyst in visible light for 150 min reached 91% (MO) and 120 min reached 94% (RhB). Moreover, the degradation rate of MO still remained 78% after five cycles. The design of 1D magnetic flower-like composite provided a new strategy for preparing photocatalysts possessing excellent photocatalytic efficiency and cyclic stability.