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Résumé Le congrès Targeted Anticancer Therapies (TAT) s’est déroulé cette année du 2 au 4 mars à Paris. Encore une fois l’immunothérapie y était à l’honneur avec les anticorps anti-PD-1/PD-L1, les anticorps anti-CSF-1R, l’immunothérapie adoptive et le développement de combinaisons d’immunothérapies. Le challenge actuel reste de parvenir à identifier les patients susceptibles d’en retirer le plus grand bénéfice. Parmi les molécules prometteuses présentées par ailleurs, on peut citer les agents ciblant les cyclines dépendantes kinases (CDK) ou les empreintes épigénétiques ainsi que les inhibiteurs de PARP et des systèmes de réparation de l’ADN tels qu’ATR. Enfin, une troisième génération d’inhibiteurs de tyrosines-kinases (ITK) est actuellement en cours d’évaluation afin de contourner les résistances acquises aux premiers ITK ; comme le rociletinib actif sur la mutation de résistance T790M dans les cancers bronchiques. Sur le plan des techniques, le criblage moléculaire affirme son intérêt en routine clinique dans le cadre du développement de la médecine personnalisée avec les résultats de l’essai MOSCATO-01, et de nouveaux critères radiologiques et « radiomics » d’évaluation de la réponse tumorale sont en cours de validation pour s’adapter notamment à l’immunothérapie et aux thérapies ciblées.

Why report on this in Canada? For one thing, many residents of Canada received some of their education in the United States, and some retain an interest in their old teams. Secondly, many U.S. businessmen currently working in Canada - and many players in the Canadian Football League retain an interest in U.S. college ball. Many U.S. games are carried on Toronto cable television.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a potentially fatal condition characterized by granulomatous lesions with characteristic clonal mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) harboring activating somatic mutations in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway genes, most notably BRAF V600E . We recently discovered that the BRAF V600E mutation can also affect multipotent hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) in multisystem LCH disease. How the BRAF V600E mutation in HPCs leads to LCH is not known. Here we show that enforced expression of the BRAF V600E mutation in early mouse and human multipotent HPCs induced a senescence program that led to HPC growth arrest, apoptosis resistance and a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). SASP, in turn, promoted HPC skewing toward the MNP lineage, leading to the accumulation of senescent MNPs in tissue and the formation of LCH lesions. Accordingly, elimination of senescent cells using INK-ATTAC transgenic mice, as well as pharmacologic blockade of SASP, improved LCH disease in mice. These results identify senescent cells as a new target for the treatment of LCH. Senescence of hematopoietic progenitor cells, enforced by the BRAF V600E mutation, underlies the development of Langerhans cell histiocytosis and could be a new target for drug development and therapy of this disease in patients.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a potentially fatal condition characterized by granulomatous lesions with characteristic clonal mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) harboring activating somatic mutations in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway genes, most notably BRAF . We recently discovered that the BRAF mutation can also affect multipotent hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) in multisystem LCH disease. How the BRAF mutation in HPCs leads to LCH is not known. Here we show that enforced expression of the BRAF mutation in early mouse and human multipotent HPCs induced a senescence program that led to HPC growth arrest, apoptosis resistance and a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). SASP, in turn, promoted HPC skewing toward the MNP lineage, leading to the accumulation of senescent MNPs in tissue and the formation of LCH lesions. Accordingly, elimination of senescent cells using INK-ATTAC transgenic mice, as well as pharmacologic blockade of SASP, improved LCH disease in mice. These results identify senescent cells as a new target for the treatment of LCH.

We study the impact of a free carrier reservoir on the optical properties of excitonic and trionic complexes in a MoSe\\(_2\\) monolayer at cryogenic temperatures. By applying photodoping via a non-resonant pump laser the electron density can be controlled in our sample and in turn the exciton and trion densities can be tuned. We find a significant increase of the trion binding energy in the presence of an induced electron gas both in power- and in time-resolved photoluminescence spectra. This behaviour is reproduced within the original variational approach that takes into account both screening and phase space filling effects.