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A bstract Neutrino oscillation experiments provide a unique window in exploring several new physics scenarios beyond the standard three flavour. One such scenario is quantum decoherence in neutrino oscillation which tends to destroy the interference pattern of neutrinos reaching the far detector from the source. In this work, we study the decoherence in neutrino oscillation in the context of the ESSnuSB experiment. We consider the energy-independent decoherence parameter and derive the analytical expressions for P μe and P μμ probabilities in vacuum. We have computed the capability of ESSnuSB to put bounds on the decoherence parameters namely, Γ 21 and Γ 32 and found that the constraints on Γ 21 are competitive compared to the DUNE bounds and better than the most stringent LBL ones from MINOS/MINOS+. We have also investigated the impact of decoherence on the ESSnuSB measurement of the Dirac CP phase δ CP and concluded that it remains robust in the presence of new physics.

A bstract This study provides an analysis of atmospheric neutrino oscillations at the ESSnuSB far detector facility. The prospects of the two cylindrical Water Cherenkov detectors with a total fiducial mass of 540 kt are investigated over 10 years of data taking in the standard three-flavor oscillation scenario. We present the confidence intervals for the determination of mass ordering, θ 23 octant as well as for the precisions on sin 2 θ 23 and Δ m 31 2 . It is shown that mass ordering can be resolved by 3 σ CL (5 σ CL) after 4 years (10 years) regardless of the true neutrino mass ordering. Correspondingly, the wrong θ 23 octant could be excluded by 3 σ CL after 4 years (8 years) in the case where the true neutrino mass ordering is normal ordering (inverted ordering). The results presented in this work are complementary to the accelerator neutrino program in the ESSnuSB project.

A bstract Neutrino oscillations constitute an excellent tool to probe physics beyond the Standard Model. In this paper, we investigate the potential of the ESSnuSB experiment to constrain the effects of flavour-dependent long-range forces (LRFs) in neutrino oscillations, which may arise due to the extension of the Standard Model gauge group by introducing new U(1) symmetries. Focusing on three specific U(1) symmetries — L e − L μ , L e − L τ , and L μ − L τ , we demonstrate that ESSnuSB offers a favourable environment to search for LRF effects. Our analyses reveal that ESSnuSB can set 90% confidence level bounds of V eμ < 2.99 × 10 − 14 eV, V eτ < 2.05 × 10 − 14 eV, and V μτ < 1.81 × 10 − 14 eV, which are competitive to the upcoming Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). It is also observed that reducing the systematic uncertainties from 5% to 2% improves the ESSnuSB limits on V αβ . Interestingly, we find limited correlations between LRF parameters and the less constrained lepton mixing parameters θ 23 and δ CP , preserving the robustness of ESSnuSB’s sensitivity to CP violation. Even under extreme LRF potentials ( V αβ ≫ 10 − 13 eV), the CP-violation sensitivity and δ CP precision remain largely unaffected. These results establish ESSnuSB as a competitive experimental setup for probing LRF effects, complementing constraints from other neutrino sources and offering critical insights into the physics of long-range forces.

CompactLight is a Design Study funded by the European Union under the Horizon 2020 research and innovation funding programme, with Grant Agreement No. 777431. CompactLight was conducted by an International Collaboration of 23 international laboratories and academic institutions, three private companies, and five third parties. The project, which started in January 2018 with a duration of 48 months, aimed to design an innovative, compact, and cost-effective hard X-ray FEL facility complemented by a soft X-ray source to pave the road for future compact accelerator-based facilities. The result is an accelerator that can be operated at up to 1 kHz pulse repetition rate, beyond today’s state of the art, using the latest concepts for high brightness electron photoinjectors, very high gradient accelerating structures in X-band, and novel short-period undulators. In this report, we summarize the main deliverable of the project: the CompactLight Conceptual Design Report, which overviews the current status of the design and addresses the main technological challenges.

The innovative FEL design by the CompactLight Collaboration is briefly presented. The major contribution of our team, mainly from Greece cooperating with the team of ESS-ERIC, is emphasised to the material selection of the proper photocathode illuminated with the relevant laser, the magnet and solenoid design of the injector for optimum beam conditions, the 3D CAD model design of the baseline FEL facility including the machine, the tunnel, the beam dump and the experimental hall. Additionally, the exploitation assets of the project with the transfer technology are presented.

The limits of performance of the European XFEL 3.9 GHz superconducting cavities were investigated. Most cavities exhibited high field Q slope, reaching the breakdown field at approximately22MV/m. We hypothesize that this limit is a feature of high frequency cavities and can be explained by a thermal model incorporating field dependent surface resistance. The results obtained from simulations were in good agreement with experimental data obtained at 2 K.

To achieve a successful passive transfer of immunoglobulins in newborn calves, it is recommended to feed the colostrum quickly after birth, paying attention to the quantity and quality of colostrum administered. The quality of colostrum is associated with content of Immunoglobulins G (IgG), which can vary dramatically among cows. The conventional strategy calls for feeding a calf of 45 kg first colostrum with at least 100 g of IgG. The adequate intake should be monitored measuring the concentration of IgG in the colostrum or in the blood of calves after 24-48 h from the first meal. Moreover, besides IgG for which determination is complex, other blood parameters might provide information on amount of IgG intake and eventual consequences on health. The aim was to assess the relationship among IgG intake with average daily gain (ADG), metabolic profile, inflammatory response and oxidative stress using 45 Holstein calves over the first month of life. After colostrum analyses, calves were retrospectively divided in two groups: G1 (n = 24), ingesting less than 100 g of IgG (average intake = 68 g) from first colostrum, and G2 (n = 21), ingesting more than 100 g of IgG (average intake = 133 g), from first colostrum (1.5 L of colostrum). Besides frequent blood samples, daily health status and body weight also were recorded. Our results showed a poor correlation between density and IgG content of colostrum (r = 0.34), while the correlation between blood IgG and gGT was high (r = 0.9 P < 0.001). During the first 4 wk of life, G1 compared with G2 calves had more clinical problems and lower ADG (0.27 vs. 0.40 kg/d, P < 0.01). At 7 d after birth, G1 calves had higher levels of haptoglobin (0.62 vs. 0.43 g/L, P < 0.02), ceruloplasmin (2.39 vs. 1.87 μmol/L, P < 0.01), and reactive oxygen metabolites (14.8 vs. 12.9 mg H2O2/100 mL, P < 0.03). These differences indicate that G1 calves (intake of IgG < 100 g with first meal) experienced important inflammatory events after birth, which increased the oxidative stress, impaired liver function, and strongly reduced the ADG. Therefore, to avoid these problems it is insufficient to only check first colostrum quality before feeding. Besides providing a better measure of the IgG intake, an evaluation of targeted blood parameters within 1 wk of life could give more detailed information on calf health and welfare.

Hyaluronectin is a protein isolated from acid extracts of human brain by affinity chromatography on immobilized hyaluronate. With polyclonal antibodies, it was immunohistologically localized in the rat at the nodes of Ranvier of central and peripheral myelinated fibers and in mesenchymal tissues. Compared to adult rat, hyaluronectin-immunoreactive material was more abundant in embryonal rat brain and mesenchyma. We report a different localization in human and bovine tissues with monoclonal antibodies reacting with human hyaluronectin by NaDodSO4/PAGE and immunoblotting but not staining rat tissues by immunohistology. In human and calf the antigen reacting with hyaluronectin monoclonal antibodies was brain specific, while several peripheral tissues were stained by the polyclonal antibodies. In human and bovine central nervous system monoclonal antibodies stained white matter and tissues formed predominantly by glial fibers (e.g., subependymal glia). In white matter hyaluronectin-immunoreactive material formed a delicate mesh surrounding individual myelinated fibers, a pattern compatible with the distribution of fine astroglial processes in this location. Gray matter did not stain with monoclonal antibodies, the granular layer of the cerebellum excepted. The findings suggest that human hyaluronectin is heterogeneous and comprises at least two fractions. The main fraction is a brain-specific protein, probably produced by white matter astrocytes. Another fraction cross-reacting with rat is more abundant in embryonal tissues, including mesenchyma and brain.

Neutrino oscillation experiments provide a unique window in exploring several new physics scenarios beyond the standard three flavour. One such scenario is quantum decoherence in neutrino oscillation which tends to destroy the interference pattern of neutrinos reaching the far detector from the source. In this work, we study the decoherence in neutrino oscillation in the context of the ESSnuSB experiment. We consider the energy-independent decoherence parameter and derive the analytical expressions for P\\(_ e\\) and P\\(_ \\) probabilities in vacuum. We have computed the capability of ESSnuSB to put bounds on the decoherence parameters namely, \\(_21\\) and \\(_32\\) and found that the constraints on \\(_21\\) are competitive compared to the DUNE bounds and better than the most stringent LBL ones from MINOS/MINOS+. We have also investigated the impact of decoherence on the ESSnuSB measurement of the Dirac CP phase \\(_ CP\\) and concluded that it remains robust in the presence of new physics.