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"Binet, Laurent"
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حضارات
رواية \"حضارات\" للكاتب الفرنسي لوران بيني هي عمل أدبي خيالي يمزج بين التاريخ والخيال في سياق ما يعرف بـ\"التاريخ البديل\". تتناول الرواية فكرة إعادة سرد التاريخ بطريقة مبتكرة عبر طرح تساؤل: \"ماذا لو كانت حضارات العالم قد تطورت بشكل مختلف تماما عن ما نعرفه؟\"، الرواية تعتمد على فكرة \"التاريخ البديل\"، حيث يعيد الكاتب تخيل العالم إذا كان الأوروبيون هم من اكتشفوا العالم الجديد ولكن من خلال عدسة مختلفة تماما: ماذا لو كانت حضارة الإنكا هي التي اجتاحت أوروبا بدلا من العكس ؟.
BOOK
A phase transformable ultrastable titanium-carboxylate framework for photoconduction
Porous titanium oxide materials are attractive for energy-related applications. However, many suffer from poor stability and crystallinity. Here we present a robust nanoporous metal–organic framework (MOF), comprising a Ti
12
O
15
oxocluster and a tetracarboxylate ligand, achieved through a scalable synthesis. This material undergoes an unusual irreversible thermally induced phase transformation that generates a highly crystalline porous product with an infinite inorganic moiety of a very high condensation degree. Preliminary photophysical experiments indicate that the product after phase transformation exhibits photoconductive behavior, highlighting the impact of inorganic unit dimensionality on the alteration of physical properties. Introduction of a conductive polymer into its pores leads to a significant increase of the charge separation lifetime under irradiation. Additionally, the inorganic unit of this Ti-MOF can be easily modified via doping with other metal elements. The combined advantages of this compound make it a promising functional scaffold for practical applications.
Porous TiO
2
materials are attractive for energy-related applications owing to their accessible active sites, but suffer from poor stability. Here the authors synthesize a highly stable and porous metal–organic framework containing polymeric 1D Ti–O subunits, which displays a high condensation degree and high photoconductivity.
Journal Article
Nonredox thiolation in tRNA occurring via sulfur activation by a 4Fe-4S cluster
Sulfur is present in several nucleosides within tRNAs. In particular, thiolation of the universally conserved methyl-uridine at position 54 stabilizes tRNAs from thermophilic bacteria and hyperthermophilic archaea and is required for growth at high temperature. The simple nonredox substitution of the C2-uridine carbonyl oxygen by sulfur is catalyzed by tRNA thiouridine synthetases called TtuA. Spectroscopic, enzymatic, and structural studies indicate that TtuA carries a catalytically essential [4Fe-4S] cluster and requires ATP for activity. A series of crystal structures shows that (i) the cluster is ligated by only three cysteines that are fully conserved, allowing the fourth unique iron to bind a small ligand, such as exogenous sulfide, and (ii) the ATP binding site, localized thanks to a protein-bound AMP molecule, a reaction product, is adjacent to the cluster. A mechanism for tRNA sulfuration is suggested, in which the unique iron of the catalytic cluster serves to bind exogenous sulfide, thus acting as a sulfur carrier.
Journal Article
سفاح براغ : (عقل هيملر يدعى هايدريتش) /
فى هذه الرواية يستدعي الكاتب الفرنسي لوران بيني عملية أنثروبويد حين أرسل اثنين من المظليين التشيكوسلوفاكيين في مهمة جريئة من قبل لندن لاغتيال راينهارد هايدريش، رئيس المخابرات النازية، وتم تصفية \"هايدريش\" في وضح النهار وتغير مجرى التاريخ. المعروف أن جميع الشخصيات في رواية HHhH حقيقية، وبالطبع فإن جميع الأحداث المذكورة فى هذه الرواية جرت على أرض الواقع، الأمر الذى يطرح سؤالا لا مفر منه، وهو: هل قاوم الروائى لوران بينى غريزة الإبداع واختلاق بعض الأمور داخل الرواية؟، على الرغم من أن الأحداث والشخصيات حقيقية، إلا أن الكاتب مزج فى هذه الرواية بين الوقائع التاريخية، والذاكرة والشخصية والسرد فتمكن من تقديم رؤية بانورامية للحرب العالمية الثانية، بل تأمل عميق في طبيعة الكتابة والتاريخ.
Book
Ubiquinone Biosynthesis over the Entire O2 Range: Characterization of a Conserved O2-Independent Pathway
Most bacteria can generate ATP by respiratory metabolism, in which electrons are shuttled from reduced substrates to terminal electron acceptors, via quinone molecules like ubiquinone. Dioxygen (O2) is the terminal electron acceptor of aerobic respiration and serves as a co-substrate in the biosynthesis of ubiquinone. Here, we characterize a novel, O2-independent pathway for the biosynthesis of ubiquinone. This pathway relies on three proteins, UbiT (YhbT), UbiU (YhbU), and UbiV (YhbV). UbiT contains an SCP2 lipid-binding domain and is likely an accessory factor of the biosynthetic pathway, while UbiU and UbiV (UbiU-UbiV) are involved in hydroxylation reactions and represent a novel class of O2-independent hydroxylases. We demonstrate that UbiU-UbiV form a heterodimer, wherein each protein binds a 4Fe-4S cluster via conserved cysteines that are essential for activity. The UbiT, -U, and -V proteins are found in alpha-, beta-, and gammaproteobacterial clades, including several human pathogens, supporting the widespread distribution of a previously unrecognized capacity to synthesize ubiquinone in the absence of O2. Together, the O2-dependent and O2-independent ubiquinone biosynthesis pathways contribute to optimizing bacterial metabolism over the entire O2 range.IMPORTANCE In order to colonize environments with large O2 gradients or fluctuating O2 levels, bacteria have developed metabolic responses that remain incompletely understood. Such adaptations have been recently linked to antibiotic resistance, virulence, and the capacity to develop in complex ecosystems like the microbiota. Here, we identify a novel pathway for the biosynthesis of ubiquinone, a molecule with a key role in cellular bioenergetics. We link three uncharacterized genes of Escherichia coli to this pathway and show that the pathway functions independently from O2. In contrast, the long-described pathway for ubiquinone biosynthesis requires O2 as a substrate. In fact, we find that many proteobacteria are equipped with the O2-dependent and O2-independent pathways, supporting that they are able to synthesize ubiquinone over the entire O2 range. Overall, we propose that the novel O2-independent pathway is part of the metabolic plasticity developed by proteobacteria to face various environmental O2 levels.
Journal Article
Development and Validation of a Non-Targeted Screening Method for Most Psychoactive, Analgesic, Anaesthetic, Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Coagulant and Anti-Hypertensive Drugs in Human Whole Blood and Plasma Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry
(1) Background: In toxicological laboratories, various screening methods can be used to identify compounds involved in intoxication. High-resolution mass spectrometry has been increasingly used in this context for the last years, because of its sensitivity and reliability. Here, we present the development and validation of a screening method that uses liquid chromatography coupled with a high-resolution mass spectrometer. (2) Methods: This method required only 100 µL of whole blood or plasma sample. Pretreatment consisted of a rapid and simple deproteinisation with methanol/acetonitrile and zinc sulphate. This new assay was validated according to international guidelines. (3) Results: To perform the method validation, 53 compounds were selected. The selection criteria were as follows: various chemical structures and therapeutic families (>15), large m/z distribution, positive or negative ionisation mode, and various elution times. The assays showed high selectivity and specificity, with optimal process efficiency. The identification limits, determined using predefined criteria, were established at sub-therapeutic or therapeutic concentrations. Applicability was evaluated using spiked plasma controls and external quality controls. (4) Conclusions: The new method was then successfully applied to routine clinical and forensic samples.
Journal Article
The development and numerical simulation of a plasma microreactor dedicated to chemical synthesis
A plasma microreactor dedicated to chemical synthesis has been conceived and developed using soft-lithography techniques. In this study, we propose to use highly reactive species created by the plasma discharge to replace traditionally used chemical initiators. A dielectric barrier discharge plasma was generated under atmospheric pressure and then dispersed into a continuous liquid phase with a T-junction geometry. Injected metal electrodes made it possible for in situ optical observations with an intensified charge-coupled device camera. No signal was detected when analyzing the exhaust liquid by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Numerical simulations confirmed that only low quantities of hydroxyl radicals could diffuse into the liquid phase, giving a concentration of DMPO-OH of 10
mol/l, below the detection limit of ESR.
Journal Article
HHhH (2012) the 7th function of language (2017), Laurent Binet
Binet's two novels - review and literary texts
Journal Article
