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Two studies examined the inductive potential of various social categories among 144 kindergarten, 2nd-, and 6th-grade Israeli children from 3 sectors: secular Jews, religious Jews, and Muslim Arabs. Study 1—wherein social categories were labeled—found that ethnic categories were the most inductively powerful, especially for religious Jewish children. Study 2—wherein no social category labels were provided—found no differences across sectors either in the inductive potential of ethnic categories or in children's capacity to visually recognize social categories. These results stress the importance of labels and cultural background in children's beliefs about social categories. The implications of these findings for accounts of the development of social essentialism are discussed.

Given a task in which sex & emotions were to be paired on ambiguous puppy dog faces, preschool children (N = 12 Ms, 12 Fs) associated Ms with anger & Fs with fear, sadness, & happiness. In an effort to determine whether adults shared these stereotypes, Coll undergraduates (N = 20 Ms, 25 Fs) were asked to do essentially the same task in the guise of providing base-line data to which the children's responses could be compared. Results duplicated those for children with the exception that the association of fear with femaleness did not reach significance. The stereotypes are generally not reflective of actual sex differences in emotionality; various explanations for this finding are posited. 4 Tables, 1 Figure. D. Abrahams.

Under him, the House floor operated like a GOP machine, thanks largely to the backroom cajoling and campaign money from [Tom DeLay], aided by his protege who succeeded him, Roy Blunt. \"When the president's agenda didn't have full support by Republicans in the House, he made sure it gets done and passes,\" said Stuart Roy, a former communications director for DeLay now working for a lobbying firm. \"He got everything from the president's tax relief to [Bush]'s money for AIDS initiative in Africa. For DeLay, success begot success. Once he was able to deliver on a few big things early on in the Republican majority, it built upon itself.\" DeLay has often been accused of running close to the edge of legality and ethical behavior. He has three times been admonished by the House ethics committee and has asked the panel to look into his much-written-about travels with lobbyist Jack Abramoff. Abramoff, whose more than $80 million in fees from American Indian tribes is under investigation by the Justice Department, worked closely with DeLay and his staff. Ethics lawyers say DeLay may well have been in technical violation of ethics rules, because Abramoff paid for some travel expenses for DeLay during trips to Britain and elsewhere. Publicly, Republicans stood by their embattled colleague Wednesday. Privately, some began to talk of a post-DeLay era. Either way, they were hopeful that, whatever happened with the legal troubles, DeLay had institutionalized his fundraising and vote- whipping prowess so much that it would outlive him. \"He is a conviction politician like Ronald Reagan; he's also been a party builder,\" said Grover Norquist, an anti-tax activist and DeLay ally. \"DeLay always kept his eye on building party and the movement, and that's rare.\"