Explore the vast range of titles available.

•Five new synthetic cannabinoids containing a cumyl moiety are characterized.•Constitutional isomers 5F-CUMYL-PINACA and 5F-CUMYL-P7AICA are differentiated.•Constitutional isomers CUMYL-4CN-BINACA and CUMYL-4CN-B7AICA are differentiated. Synthetic cannabinoids are a group of new psychoactive compounds (NPS) that act as agonists at the cannabinoid receptor. First reported in 2008, they currently represent one of the largest groups of NPS that are monitored by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). Five samples (4 from the European RESPONSE project and one from daily casework) containing different synthetic cannabinoids were analyzed by a complex of analytical methods including gas chromatography–electron ionization mass spectrometry (GC–EI-MS), liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Five new synthetic cannabinoids containing a cumyl moiety as a linked group were identified: CUMYL-PINACA, 5F-CUMYL-PINACA, CUMYL-4CN-BINACA, 5F-CUMYL-P7AICA, CUMYL-4CN-B7AICA. 5F-CUMYL-PINACA and 5F-CUMYL-P7AICA as well as CUMYL-4CN-BINACA and CUMYL-4CN-B7AICA are constitutional isomers and only differ in the position of a nitrogen atom. The article contains all analytical data for a proper identification and differentiation of the five cumyl compounds.

•Analytical differentiation between cyclopropylfentanyl and crotonylfentanyl.•Quantitative postmortem values for cyclopropylfentanyl in different matrices.•Significant postmortem redistribution found for cyclopropylfentanyl. A growing number of fatal overdoses involving opioid drugs, in particular involving fentanyl and its analogues, pose an immense threat to public health. Postmortem casework of forensic toxicologists in such cases is challenging, as data on pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties as well as reference values for acute toxicities and data on potential postmortem redistribution (PMR) mechanisms often do not exist. A fatal case involving cyclopropylfentanyl was investigated at the Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine and the Zurich Forensic Science Institute; an unknown powder found at the scene was reliably identified as cyclopropylfentanyl by gas chromatography-infrared spectroscopy (GC-IR). Femoral blood samples were collected at two time points after death; 11h postmortem (t1) and during the medico-legal autopsy 29h after death (t2). At the autopsy, additional samples from the heart blood, urine and gastric content were collected. Cyclopropylfentanyl was quantified using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC–MS/MS) method. Femoral blood concentration of cyclopropylfentanyl at autopsy was 19.8ng/mL (t1=15.7ng/mL; heart blood concentration at autopsy=52.4ng/mL). In the light of the current literature and under the exclusion that no other morphological findings could explain the cause of death, contribution of cyclopropylfentanyl to death was proposed (polydrug use). Significant postmortem concentration increases of cyclopropylfentanyl in femoral blood during 18h after the first sampling were observed, thus indicating a relevant potential to undergo PMR. A central-to-peripheral blood concentration ratio of 2.6 supports this. Consequently, the current case suggests that postmortem cyclopropylfentanyl concentration should always be interpreted with care.

Mice xenotransplanted with human cells and/or expressing human gene products (also known as “humanized mice”) recapitulate the human evolutionary specialization and diversity of genotypic and phenotypic traits. These models can provide a relevant in vivo context for understanding of human‐specific physiology and pathologies. Humanized mice have advanced toward mainstream preclinical models and are now at the forefront of biomedical research. Here, we considered innovations and challenges regarding the reconstitution of human immunity and human tissues, modeling of human infections and cancer, and the use of humanized mice for testing drugs or regenerative therapy products. As the number of publications exploring different facets of humanized mouse models has steadily increased in past years, it is becoming evident that standardized reporting is needed in the field. Therefore, an international community‐driven resource called “Minimal Information for Standardization of Humanized Mice” (MISHUM) has been created for the purpose of enhancing rigor and reproducibility of studies in the field. Within MISHUM, we propose comprehensive guidelines for reporting critical information generated using humanized mice. Graphical Abstract Humanized mice are at the forefront of biomedical research and becoming more mainstream preclinical models. This comprehensive review talks about innovations and challenges regarding the reconstitution of human immunity and introduces “Minimal Information for Standardization of Humanized Mice” (MISHUM).

Intussusception in adults is generally a rare diagnosis and generally different from intussusception in children in terms of clinical presentation, etiology, and incidence (Begos et al., Am J Surg, 173:88–94, 1997; Watson and Bisset, Clin Radiol, 49:723–726, 1994; Felix et al., Am J Surg, 131:723–726, 1976). One third of these affect the large bowel. Adult intussusception shows clinically uncharacteristic symptoms of bowel obstruction; thus, the diagnosis is often clinically missed. We report the case of a 39-year-old woman suffering from long-term abdominal pain. This case report discusses the clinical advantages of multislice computed tomography for the diagnosis of adult intussusception and shows a comprehensive overview of the literature.