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"Blanchard, P."
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Concentration-weighted trajectory approach to identifying potential sources of speciated atmospheric mercury at an urban coastal site in Nova Scotia, Canada
Regional and local sources contributing to gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM), and particle-bound mercury (PBM) at an urban coastal site in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada were investigated using the Concentration-Weighted Trajectory model (CWT) and Conditional Probability Function. From 2010–2011, GEM, GOM, and PBM concentrations were 1.67 ± 1.01 ng m−3, 2.07 ± 3.35 pg m−3, and 2.32 ± 3.09 pg m−3, respectively. Seasonal variability was observed, with statistically higher GEM and PBM concentrations in winter and spring and higher GOM in spring. In the CWT, concentrations are the weighting factors for the trajectory residence time in modeled grid cells, which results in the identification of source areas based on the CWT values in the grid cells. Potential source areas were identified in regions with known industrial Hg sources particularly in the fall season, but also in regions without these sources (e.g. Atlantic Ocean, northern Ontario and Quebec). CWTs for GOM and PBM that were associated with ≥ 5 kg industrial Hg emissions from 2010–2011 were statistically larger than those with zero Hg emissions, despite a lack of strong correlations. A large proportion of elevated CWTs (85–97%) was in regions with zero industrial Hg sources indicating the potential role of non-point sources, natural emissions, and residential-scale combustion. Analysis of wind data suggests that a commercial harbor and vehicular traffic were potential local sources. Evaluating modeled source areas against Hg emissions inventories was not an ideal method for assessing the CWT model accuracy because of insufficient data on Hg emissions at more precise locations.
Journal Article
التدريب الفعال : الأنظمة، الاستراتيجيات، والممارسات
يغطي الكتاب معالجة التحديات التي تواجه التدريب ويرسم الأساس لتصميم المراحل الخمس لعملية التدريب بدءا من التصميم والتطوير وصولا للتطبيق ونقل النتائج إلى مواقع العمل ثم تقويم نتائج التدريب وانعكاسها على إنتاجية عمل المتدربين وعلى زيادة عائدية المنظمات والشركات من أنشطتها سواء كانت أنشطة ربحية أم خيرية لا تهدف لتحقيق الربح.
BOOK
Prostate radiotherapy may cause fertility issues: a retrospective analysis of testicular dose following modern radiotherapy techniques
Background
Prostate cancer in younger men is rare but not exceptional. Radiotherapy is a cornerstone of prostate cancer treatment and yet, its impact on fertility is scarcely reported in literature. Given the radiosensitivity of testicular tissue, this study aimed to determine the testicular dose using modern radiotherapy techniques for definitive prostate irradiation.
Methods
One hundred radiotherapy plans were reviewed. Testicles were contoured retrospectively without dosimetric optimization on testicles.
Results
The median testicular dose was 0.58 Gy: 0.18 Gy in stereotactic plans, 0.62 Gy in Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy plans and 1.50 Gy in Tomotherapy plans (
p
< 0.001). Pelvic nodal irradiation increased the median testicular dose to 1.18 Gy versus 0.26 Gy without nodal irradiation (
p
< 0.001). Weight and BMI were inversely associated with testicular dose (
p
< 0.005). 65% of patients reached the theoretical dose threshold for transient azoospermia, and 10% received more than 2 Gy, likely causing definitive azoospermia.
Conclusion
Despite being probably lower than doses from older techniques, the testicular dose delivered with modern prostate radiotherapy is not negligible and is often underestimated because the contribution of daily repositioning imaging is not taken into account and most Treatment Planning Systems underestimate the out of field dose. Radiation oncologists should consider the impact on fertility and gonadal endocrine function, counseling men on sperm preservation if they wish to maintain fertility.
Trial registration
: retrospectively registered.
Journal Article
X-Men : Gambit : the complete collection. Vol. 2
\"The Cajun rages on! Join Gambit on a time-tossed trip to the 19th century, and discover how the Thieves' Guild was shaped by Candra...and Mr. Sinister! Back in the present, Remy needs help - and Rogue flies to his aid! Thanks to Gambit's evolving powers, he can finally greet her with a kiss - but as his abilities get more unstable, any thoughts of romance will be short-lived. Gambit's destiny looms as he takes leadership of the Guild - assuming he can survive an Assassination Game against deadly villains like Bullseye, Constrictor, Zaran, Deadpool...and Archangel? And what are X-Cutioner and Ego the Living Planet doing here?! Gambit will finally discover the secret of his mysterious patron, the New Son - but is he hero or villain, and what will Gambit have to sacrifice to triumph?\"--Page [4] of cover.
BOOK
Individual patient data network meta-analysis using either restricted mean survival time difference or hazard ratios: is there a difference? A case study on locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinomas
Background
This study aimed at applying the restricted mean survival time difference (rmstD) as an absolute outcome measure in a network meta-analysis and comparing the results with those obtained using hazard ratios (HR) from the individual patient data (IPD) network meta-analysis (NMA) on the role of chemotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) recently published by the MAC-NPC collaborative group (Meta-Analysis of Chemotherapy [CT] in NPC).
Patients and methods
Twenty trials (5144 patients) comparing radiotherapy (RT) with or without CT in non-metastatic NPC were included. Treatments were grouped in seven categories: RT alone (RT), induction CT followed by RT (IC-RT), RT followed by adjuvant CT (RT-AC), IC followed by RT followed by AC (IC-RT-AC), concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CRT), IC followed by CRT (IC-CRT), and CRT followed by AC (CRT-AC). The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS); secondary endpoints were progression-free survival and locoregional control. The rmstD was estimated at
t
* = 10 years in each trial. Random-effect frequentist NMA models were applied.
P
score was used to rank treatments. Heterogeneity and inconsistency were evaluated.
Results
The three treatments that had the highest effect on OS with rmstD were CRT-AC, IC-CRT, and CRT (respective
P
scores of 92%, 72%, and 64%) compared to CRT-AC, CRT, and IC-CRT when using HR (respective
P
scores of 96%, 71%, and 63%). Of the 32 HR and rmstD analyzed, 5 had a different interpretation, 3 with a direction change (different direction of treatment effect) and 2 with a change in significance (same direction but a change in statistical significance). Results for secondary endpoints were overall in agreement.
Conclusion
The use of either HR or rmstD impacts the results of NMA. Given the sensitivity of HR to non-proportional hazards, this finding could have implications in terms of meta-analysis methodology.
Journal Article
Biotypes and ScM types of isolates of Streptococcus canis from diseased and healthy cats
Lancefield group G Streptococcus canis is a component of the normal urogenital and pharyngeal flora of the cat. It is also frequently implicated in epizootics of severe disease in closed cat colonies and animal shelters. Given the importance of S canis as a feline pathogen and relative lack of published information on characteristics potentially associated with virulence, the authors have compared isolates from healthy and diseased cats in New York and California using fermentation profiles (biotype) and ScM sequences. With few exceptions, isolates associated with disease were biotype 1. Four alleles of scm were identified of which type 1 dominated in diseased cats. Type 4 allelic variants were found only in healthy cats and all but one were biotype 2. Type 2 and 3 alleles showed extensive N-terminal variation suggesting a plasminogen-binding site as found on the type 1 allele was absent. Cat antisera to ScM were opsonobactericidal, and these potentially protective antibodies increased during convalescence.
Journal Article
Estimation of speciated and total mercury dry deposition at monitoring locations in eastern and central North America
Dry deposition of speciated mercury, i.e., gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM), particulate-bound mercury (PBM), and gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), was estimated for the year 2008–2009 at 19 monitoring locations in eastern and central North America. Dry deposition estimates were obtained by combining monitored two- to four-hourly speciated ambient concentrations with modeled hourly dry deposition velocities (Vd) calculated using forecasted meteorology. Annual dry deposition of GOM+PBM was estimated to be in the range of 0.4 to 8.1 μg m−2 at these locations with GOM deposition being mostly five to ten times higher than PBM deposition, due to their different modeled Vd values. Net annual GEM dry deposition was estimated to be in the range of 5 to 26 μg m−2 at 18 sites and 33 μg m−2 at one site. The estimated dry deposition agrees very well with limited surrogate-surface dry deposition measurements of GOM and PBM, and also agrees with litterfall mercury measurements conducted at multiple locations in eastern and central North America. This study suggests that GEM contributes much more than GOM+PBM to the total dry deposition at the majority of the sites considered here; the only exception is at locations close to significant point sources where GEM and GOM+PBM contribute equally to the total dry deposition. The relative magnitude of the speciated dry deposition and their good comparisons with litterfall deposition suggest that mercury in litterfall originates primarily from GEM, which is consistent with the limited number of previous field studies. The study also supports previous analyses suggesting that total dry deposition of mercury is equal to, if not more important than, wet deposition of mercury on a regional scale in eastern North America.
Journal Article
Chromatin reader L(3)mbt requires the Myb–MuvB/DREAM transcriptional regulatory complex for chromosomal recruitment
Histone binding proteins are critical for chromosome function, and mechanisms targeting them to nucleosomes are crucial. The Drosophila tumor suppressor L(3)mbt binds to methylated lysines of nucleosomal histones repressing gene transcription. We show that L(3)mbt chromosomal targeting requires proteins of a site-specific DNA binding complex [Myb–MuvB (MMB)/DREAM] and Mip120, an MMB/DREAM core component, is critical for recruitment. Surprisingly, chromosome association of L(3)mbt is insufficient for repression, as other MMB/DREAM members are required for L(3)mbt-mediated repression but not its chromosome targeting. Loss of l ( 3 ) mbt leads to lethal malignant brain tumors. We discuss our findings in the context of complex mechanisms where specific genes activated by loss of l ( 3 ) mbt may help tumor progression, whereas deletion of MMB genes may suppress this phenotype. Lethal malignant brain tumors (lmbt) result from the loss of the conserved transcriptional repressor l(3)mbt, in Drosophila melanogaster . Similar mutations in the human homolog L3MBTL1 correlate with some cancers. The protein’s C-terminal MBT repeats bind mono and dimethylated histones in vitro, which could influence recruitment of L3MBTL1 to its target sites. The L(3)mbt chromatin targeting mechanism, however, is controversial and several studies suggest insufficiency or a minor role for histone methylation in determining the site specificity for recruitment. We report that L(3)mbt colocalizes with core members of the Myb–MuvB/DREAM (MMB/DREAM) transcriptional regulatory complex genome-wide, and that L(3)mbt-mediated repression requires this complex in salivary glands and larval brains. Loss of l ( 3 ) mbt or of MMB components through mutation cause similar spurious expression of genes, including the transposon regulatory gene piwi , in terminally differentiated cells. The DNA-binding MMB core component Mip120 (Lin54) is required for L(3)mbt recruitment to chromosomes, whereas Mip130 (Lin9) (an MMB core protein) and E2f2 (an MMB transcriptional repressor) are not, but are essential for repression. Cytolocalization experiments suggest the presence of site-specific differential composition of MMB in polytene chromosomes where some loci were bound by a Myb-containing or alternatively, an E2f2 and L(3)mbt form of the complex.
Journal Article
Long-term outcomes and safety after reirradiation in locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a non-endemic area
PurposeTo determine outcomes and toxicities after reirradiation for locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (rNPC) and to apply a prognostic index in a non-endemic region.MethodsWe retrospectively reported progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and treatment-related toxicities in patients treated with curative intent for locally rNPC. We applied the prognostic model for OS and grade 5 radiotherapy (RT)-related toxicities published by Li et al. and evaluated its prognostic accuracy by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsBetween 2005 and 2018, 33 patients were treated for rNPC in our institution. Median follow-up was 60 months. The mean time to local recurrence was 75 months. Six (18%) patients had a persistent grade 3 toxicity from a previous RT course. The median re-RT dose was 66 Gy. After re-RT, 13 patients had local failure and 3 patients had metastatic recurrence. Median PFS was 18 months with a 5-year PFS rate of 29%. Median OS was 35 months with a 5-year OS rate of 37%. Grade 3 or higher toxicities rate was 74%. There were 21% grade 5 toxicities. The median time to a grade 5 toxicity was less than 6 months following re-RT. The prognostic nomogram was not predictive for OS or grade 5 toxicities.ConclusionReirradiation of rNPC is an effective treatment but is associated with a high rate of life-threatening toxicity. Stratification of patients based on their risk of developing severe toxicity is needed to select patients who will most likely benefit from re-RT.
Journal Article