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Las redes sociales, entre ellas Instagram, favorecen la construcción de comunidades universitarias que trascienden el campus debido a su carácter audiovisual y a su afianzamiento como herramientas comunicativas en el ámbito educativo. Por ello se plantea como objetivo principal analizar las estrategias implementadas en la plataforma por las cinco mejores universidades del mundo según la clasificación de Shanghái, con el fin de determinar las acciones destinadas a promover una comunidad intencional y evaluar el impacto generado por ellas en la comunidad real. Para desarrollar la investigación se optó por una metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa, realizando un análisis de impacto de los perfiles mediante la herramienta Fanpage Karma, y un análisis de contenido de la semiótica del discurso, empleando Excel y el software estadístico SPSS. Se examinaron los 394 posts publicados por las universidades de Harvard, Stanford, Cambridge, Instituto de Tecnología de Massachusetts (MIT) y California Berkeley entre el 1°. de septiembre y el 31 de diciembre de 2021, los tres primeros meses de curso académico comunes en Estados Unidos y Reino Unido. Los resultados evidencian una relación no proporcional entre frecuencia de publicación e impacto, así como la existencia de variables semióticas comunes sobre las que se fundamenta el mensaje. No obstante, se halla una dicotomía entre las acciones de las universidades norteamericanas y la única británica, reflejando la influencia que los factores idiosincráticos ejercen sobre el diseño de la estrategia de social media.

Introduction: The new audiovisual paradigm, marked by flexible consumption, a wide catalog and a participatory audience, increases the interest of linear television in connecting with young people. To that end, the channels manage specialized content platforms. This research aims to analyze Mtmad, Playz and Flooxer, and the perceptions about them. The specific objectives are to examine the catalogs; evaluate identification with management chains; analyze youth-content identification and study their consumption habits. Methodology: A content analysis based on web structures and catalogs is proposed; and a survey of 160 young people about their knowledge, identification and consumption patterns. Results: Mtmad leads in terms of web design, mainly in structure and user experience. In terms of content, the three platforms present similar numbers of titles, although heterogeneity of strategies is observed. Mtmad opts for reality television, and Flooxer and Playz for fiction. According to the survey, Mtmad is the best- known platform but Playz is the most consumed, the most identified with linear television and with whose catalog young people feel more identified. Discussion: What young people consume the most are series, even though they appreciate innovative formats starring influences. They do not identify with linear television, but they use and identify more with the platform that they directly associate with a conventional network. Conclusions: Despite the different strategies and perceptions of young people, a homogeneous tendency to produce content that encourages interactivity is detected. Keywords: Television; VOD; Audience; Youths; Consumption; Content; Audiovisual.

Introducción: El nuevo paradigma audiovisual, marcado por un consumo flexible, amplio catálogo y una audiencia participativa, incrementa el interés de la televisión lineal por conectar con los jóvenes. Para ello, los canales gestionan plataformas de contenido especializadas. Esta investigación analiza Mtmad, Playz y Flooxer, y las percepciones sobre ellas. Los objetivos específicos son examinar los catálogos; evaluar la identificación con las cadenas gestoras; analizar la identificación jóvenes-contenido y estudiar sus hábitos de consumo. Metodología: Se propone un análisis de contenido basado en las estructuras web y en los catálogos; y una encuesta a 160 jóvenes sobre su conocimiento, identificación y patrones de consumo. Resultados: Mtmad lidera en cuanto a diseño web, principalmente en estructura y experiencia de usuario. En cuanto a contenido, las tres plataformas presentan cifras de títulos similares, aunque se observa heterogeneidad de estrategias. Mtmad opta por la telerrealidad, y Flooxer y Playz por la ficción. Según la encuesta, Mtmad es la plataforma más popular, pero Playz es la más consumida, la más identificada con la televisión lineal y con cuyo catálogo se sienten más identificados los jóvenes. Discusión: Lo que más consumen los jóvenes son series, a pesar de que aprecian formatos novedosos protagonizados por influencers. No se identifican con la televisión lineal, pero usan y se identifican más con la plataforma que asocian directamente con una cadena convencional. Conclusiones: A pesar de las diferentes estrategias y percepciones de los jóvenes, se detecta una tendencia homogénea a la producción de contenido que fomenta la interactividad. Introduction: The new audiovisual paradigm, marked by flexible consumption, a wide catalog and a participatory audience, increases the interest of linear television in connecting with young people. To that end, the channels manage specialized content platforms. This research aims to analyze Mtmad, Playz and Flooxer, and the perceptions about them. The specific objectives are to examine the catalogs; evaluate identification with management chains; analyze youth-content identification and study their consumption habits. Methodology: A content analysis based on web structures and catalogs is proposed; and a survey of 160 young people about their knowledge, identification and consumption patterns. Results: Mtmad leads in terms of web design, mainly in structure and user experience. In terms of content, the three platforms present similar numbers of titles, although heterogeneity of strategies is observed. Mtmad opts for reality television, and Flooxer and Playz for fiction. According to the survey, Mtmad is the best-known platform but Playz is the most consumed, the most identified with linear television and with whose catalog young people feel more identified. Discussion: What young people consume the most are series, even though they appreciate innovative formats starring Influencers. They do not identify with linear television, but they use and identify more with the platform that they directly associate with a conventional network. Conclusions: Despite the different strategies and perceptions of young people, a homogeneous tendency to produce content that encourages interactivity is detected.

En un momento en el que la desigualdad de las mujeres se presenta en muchos casos como un problema superado, las voces feministas siguen denunciando que, más allá de la igualdad formal y los logros conseguidos, sobre todo en cuanto a concienciación social, sigue reproduciéndose la discriminación por razón de sexo y que esto continuará ocurriendo mientras sigamos socializando de forma diferenciada a niñas y niños. De Miguel (2015) considera que esta es una de las cuestiones fundamentales por las que se reproduce el sistema patriarcal, porque, prácticamente, desde que nacemos estamos recibiendo pautas e indicaciones que determinan nuestra identidad

It starts from the idea that the image and well-managed communication are strategic assets which enhance the brand and, consequently, to the university. Transmission brand of Spanish universities through their web sites has become for universities in an issue of great importance due to the uncertainty in which the universities are located. In this sense, the web sites are not only the place where the public have a first contact with the university, but are also a means of communication with internal and external audiences, which allows institutions to ensure greater competitiveness, constitute an added value to their audiences. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

It starts from the idea that the image and well-managed communication are strategic assets which enhance the brand and, consequently, to the university. Transmission brand of Spanish universities through their web sites has become for universities in an issue of great importance due to the uncertainty in which the universities are located. In this sense, the web sites are not only the place where the public have a first eontaet with the university, but are also a means of communication with internal and external audiences, which allows institutions to ensure greater competitiveness, eonstitute an added value to their audiences.

mRNA platforms offer a promising strategy to overcome limitations in helminth vaccinology. We used the helminth Fasciola hepatica , which is a major veterinary and zoonotic pathogen for which no licensed vaccine exists, as a test case. We engineered a codon-optimized mRNA encoding the F. hepatica fatty-acid–binding protein (FABP), verified its expression in HEK293T cells, and formulated it in SM-102 lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). BALB/c mice received a prime-boost immunization (3 weeks apart) followed by longitudinal blood and terminal spleen immune profiling by spectral flow cytometry. Immunization induced rapid innate immune activation with marked neutrophil expansion and monocyte maturation, while reducing circulating mature NK cells, consistent with recruitment to lymphoid tissues. Adaptive responses included increased circulating CD8 + T cells dominated by EMRA effectors, expansion of TCRαβ+ double-negative T cells with memory/effector phenotypes, and a reduction in peripherally induced CD25- regulatory T cells. CD4 + T-helper cells showed a shift toward memory/effector subsets, and antigen-specific Th1 and Th2 responses in the spleen were detected only in vaccinated mice. B-cell analysis revealed accelerated maturation of B2 cells with expansion of marginal-zone, follicular, and germinal-center compartments, higher frequencies of class-switched (IgM-) plasma cells, and exclusive detection of anti-FABP IgG in the mRNA-LNP group. These results demonstrate that an mRNA-LNP vaccine encoding F. hepatica FABPs elicits innate immune activation, cytotoxic and helper T-cell immunity, and class-switched humoral responses in mice, supporting its potential as a candidate for F. hepatica vaccination in a future challenge experiment against the infection.

Objective: We aimed to analyze the real-world use of COMT inhibitors associated with levodopa in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) who present early fluctuations and to explore whether early COMT inhibition optimizes treatment outcomes. Methods: REONPARK is an ongoing 2-year prospective observational study. We included patients diagnosed with PD who presented signs of end-of-dose motor fluctuations for <2 years and started COMT inhibitors according to clinical practice. Outcomes included the clinician and patient global impression of change (CGI-C, PGI-C), the Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS), the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-8 (PDQ-8), Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS), 19-Symptom Wearing-off Questionnaire (WOQ-19), and safety. We present a pre-planned interim analysis (cut-off date 3 July 2023) of patients who completed the first 3 months of follow-up. Results: Seventy patients were analyzed (mean levodopa dose at inclusion 484.8 mg; duration of motor fluctuations 0.6 years). In all cases, COMT inhibition was initiated with opicapone, and 81% maintained a stable levodopa dose at 3 months. After 3 months of treatment with opicapone, 73.5% and 62.8% of patients improved on CGI-C and PGI-C, respectively. MDS-UPDRS scores improved significantly with a mean change from baseline of −3.3 ± 7.7 (p < 0.001) for Part III and −1.3 ± 1.7 (p < 0.001) for Part IV. The mean OFF time decreased from 3.7 ± 2.6 h at baseline to 2.2 ± 2.3 h, and 20.6% of patients no longer experienced OFF periods. Patients experiencing no impact of fluctuations increased from 10% to 45.6%. Conclusions: In PD patients with early fluctuations, three months of opicapone reduced the OFF time and improved functional outcomes, suggesting potential benefits in the early stages.

Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) causes disability and lowers health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for patients. Many patients become refractory to conventional medical management (CMM) and spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is advised. However, comparative cost-effectiveness research of both clinical approaches still lacks further evidence. This probabilistic cost-effectiveness analysis compares CMM versus SCS plus CMM in FBSS patients for a 5-year period in Spain. Patient-level data was obtained from a 2-year real-world study (SEFUDOCE) of adults diagnosed with FBSS who were treated with CMM or SCS. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) were estimated in terms of direct clinical cost and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Costs (€ for 2019) were estimated from the Spanish National Health Service (NHS) perspective. We applied a yearly discount rate of 3% to both costs and outcomes and performed a probabilistic sensitivity analysis using bootstrapping. After 2 years, the health-related quality of life measured by the EQ-5D displayed greater improvements for SCS patients (00.39) than for improved CMM patients (0.01). The proportion of SCS patients using medication fell substantially, particularly for opioids (-49%). In the statistical model projection, compared with the CMM group at year 5, the SCS group showed an incremental cost of € 15,406 for an incremental gain of 0.56 0.56 QALYs, for an ICER of € 27,330, below the €30,000 willingness-to-pay threshold for Spain. SCS had a 79% of probability of being cost-effective. SCS is a cost-effective treatment for FBSS compared to CMM alone based on real-world evidence.

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